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PSYC213 > First two years > Flashcards

First two years Flashcards

1
Q

What is average size of baby?

A

51cm and 3.4 kg

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2
Q

What is vernix?

A

oily protection against infection

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3
Q

What is laguno?

A

fuzzy prenatal hair

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4
Q

What are fontanelles

A

gaps in bones of head?

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5
Q

What does APGAR scale measure?

A 
appearance
pulse
grimace
activity
respiration
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6
Q

What size is brain at birth and 3 years?

A

25% of adult weight

75% of adult weight

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7
Q

How much do newborns sleep?

A

16 hours per dday

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8
Q

Why is REM sleep important?

A

helps concretise learning

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9
Q

What is SIDS?

A

suden and unexplained death of apparently healthy infant

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10
Q

What are risk factors in SIDS?

A

sleeping on stomach and soft surfaces
passive smoking
mother smoking in pregnancy
baby too hot or cold

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11
Q

what does non-REM sleep look like in infant?

A

complete rest, muscles relaxed, eyes closed and still, breathing regular and slow

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12
Q

what does REM sleep look like in infant?

A

occasional twitches, jerks, facial grimaces, intermittent eye movements, breathing irregular and rapid

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13
Q

what does drowsiness look like in infant?

A

occasional movements [fewer than REM sleep], eyes open and close, breathing regular but faster than non-REM sleep

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14
Q

what does alert inactivity look like in infant?

A

eyes open and scanning, body relatively still, rate of breathing a little irregular

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15
Q

what does alert activity look like in an infant?

A

eyes open but not attending or scanning, frequent body movements, irregular breathing, flushed, vocalisations

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16
Q

what does distress look like in an infant?

A

whimpering or crying, vigorous movements, facial grimaces, skin flushed

17
Q

Describe vision in infants

A

least developed of senses
reach adult 20/20 vision at 6 months
newborns better at tracking moving objects
respond preferentially to face-like patterns

18
Q

Describe auditory acuity in infants

A

ability to hear present at birth
moro reflex - startle response to loud sound
infants prefer complex sounds

19
Q

What is tonic neck reflex?

A

when baby lies on back, turn head to side, arm outstretched in direction of face, other arm flexed by ear

20
Q

what is rooting reflex?

A

touch cheek, baby opens mouth

21
Q

what is grasping reflex?

A

finger in palm, baby holds finger

22
Q

what is babinski reflex

A

touch sole of foot and toes spread

23
Q

what is startle response?

A

back arches and hands raised

24
Q

How do motor skills develop?

A

caphalocaudal - head to tail
proximodistal - near to far
gross motor skills before fine motor skills

25
Q

What does Brazelton NBAS test?

A 
response of infants to 2 years
motor organisation [activitiy level and coordination]
reflexes
state changes [ability to calm down]
attention and interaction
CNS stability
26
Q

What does Bayley Scale of infant development measure

A

1mth - 3.5 years
find and gross motor skills
mental ability

27
Q

What does Denver Developmental Screening Test measure

A

up to 6 years

motor, social / personal, language

28
Q

What are benefits of breast milk?

A

matches infants nutritional needs
develops stronger sucking and jaw
immunity

29
Q

What is marasmus

A

wasting condition, not enough calories, pre 12 months

30
Q

what is kwashiorkor?

A

too many calories, not enough protein

31
Q

What are risks that lead to low birth rate

A

maternal malnourishment, smoking, alcohol, teenage, low SES

32
Q

What can low birth rate lead to?

A

cognitive impairment
low academic achievement
behavioural problems

33
Q

What is non organic failure to thrive?

A

failure to grow for no apparent medical reason, highlights importance of love

34
Q

What are two main approaches to studying cognition

A

changes in heart rate [assumption that because adult hr changes, babies will too]
habituation [getting used to a stimulus after a while, tf must remember it]

35
Q

When does object constancy begin

A

8-12 months

36
Q

What is object constancy?

A

belief that object remains the same despite changes in image received by eye [eg truck is a truck regardless of angle]
things continue to exist even when not visible

37
Q

What are criticisms of Piaget?

A

might confuse lack of motor skills with cognitive limitations
memory limitations impact on performance
more continuity than change in cognitive development [whereas Piaget adopted strict stage approach]
Piaget rarely considered culture
consistently underestimated children’s cognitive abilities

PSYC213 (12 decks)

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