Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PSYC213 > Ageism > Flashcards

Ageism Flashcards

1
Q

What are stereotypes about old people?

A

more stereotypes than any other group
older people see themselves more positively than their peers
may impact on treatment recommendations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is projected age profile?

A

by 2051 those aged 85+ will make up largest population, followed by 40-44 year olds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is maximuym lifespan?

A

120 y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is percentage of centenarians?

A

.02% population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is peak average lifespan expected to be?

A

85 - due to biological changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is senesence

A

Degenerative phase of ageing process that causes individual to be more vulnerable to disease and mortality as years go by

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are cellular theories of senescence?

A

Processes that take place within and between cells and lead to breakdown of cells, tissues and organs. Caused by wear and tear, and genetic errors [all people have cells with genetic errors; older people have greater number of cells with errors, and greater number of cells in with multiple errors]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are programming theories of senescence?

A

Hayflick limit - humans cells in laboratory replicate only to a certain point- about 50 times. At this point genetic material runs out.
Death is programmed into complex organisms.
Anything less than ideal environmental conditions may shorten lifespan; nothing will extend it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is primary ageing of physical functioning?

A

universal changes that everyone experiences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is secondary ageing of physical functioning?

A

effects of illness and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to physical functioning in older age?

A

motor, sensory and intellectual slowing
primary ageing of CNS and PNS - can improve with training
skin, bone and muscle changes
cardiovascular, respiratory and sensory changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What improves health behaviours in late adulthood?

A 
sleeping 7-8 hours/night
eating breakfast
no snacks
controlling weight
exercise
limit alcohol
nonsmoker for life
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

A 
family history
smoking, diet, lack of exercise
personality type
stress
gender - men 3x more likely to experience cardiovascular event before 60; women display symptoms ten years later
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is hypertension?

A

HBP - >140/90
deterioration of arterial walls
risks of heart attack, kidney damage, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are risk factors for hypertension?

A 
gender [higher in men < women; women more likely to be fatal]
obesity
genetics
poor diet
stress
personality characteristics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are risk factors for cancer?

A

SES, genetics, gender, lifestyle, diet [low SES - lung, stomach; high SES - breast, colon]
life events, stress, personality, social support, isolation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is most common mental health issue for older adults?

A

depression
may be mistaken for normal ageing
may mimic dementia
has multiplicative affect [old age stigma + mental health]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are associates of depression?

A

chronic health issues, functional impairment, social deprivation, medication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What happens in brain with ageing?

A

neuronal loss and growth - neural shrinkage more common than loss of neurons
density of synapses increases with age and with brain stimulating activity
Plasticity allows brain to take on new neural connections [axon sprouting; dendrite branching]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are acute brain syndromes?

A

caused by metabolic issues - eg diabetes, liver failure - may be reversible; fluctuating periods of lucidity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are chronic brain syndromes?

A

irreversible changes in brain - eg multiinfarct dementia; alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is multi-infarct dementia?

A

tiny strokes - confusion or spotty memory may be symptoms

may be lessened if caught early

23
Q

What is alzheimers?

A

50-60% of organic brain syndrome patients over 60
Degeneration of brain cells affecting memory, learning, judgement
Symptoms worsen with progression
Causes and cures not understood

24
Q

What are symptoms of Alzheimer’s?

A 
memory impairment
deterioration of language
deficits in visual and spatial processing
repeating of questions
every day tasks unfinished
personality change
irritability, anxiety
lack of concentration
25
What are risk factors for AD?
``` chronological age gender [more women] vascular conditions low education head injury biological susceptibility ```
26
What is anticipatory dementia?
concern that normal age-associated memory changes are signs of AD
27
What is gradient of vulnerability?
memory processes that show greater age-related change than others. Holding info in STM is unaffected; age related deficiencies found if info has to be used while being held [working memory]. Episodic memory shows slow, steady decline Semantic memory is factual knowledge - remains intact, speed of accessing info declines Procedural memory shows least change learning skills is still possible, just slower
28
What is Erikson's crisis for older age?
Ego-integrity vs despair People achieve sense of integrity by accepting the life they have lived, and tf death, or yield to despair that life can't be relived [fear of death]
29
What are changes in memory with older age?
Working memory - age deficits Episodic memory - steady decline Semantic memory - largely intact, speed of accessing info declines Procedural memory - least change learning skills is still possible, just slower
30
What is death awareness movement?
promoting idea of 'good death' - surrounded by family and friends with minimal technological interference
31
How is death defined?
In technologically advanced countries, irreversible coma [brain death] [for organ donation] - previously absence of respiration and heartbeat
32
What are three dimensions of death acceptance?
Neutral acceptance [death is reality that is neither welcomed nor feared] Approach-oriented acceptance [death as a passage to a happy afterlife] Escape oriented acceptance [death as escape from a painful existence]
33
What are children's understandings of death
Death is temporary and reversible
34
What are adolescents' understandings of death?
deny own mortality as cling to personal fable of invincibility
35
What are young adults' understandings of death?
anger - frustrated dreams might go unfulfilled
36
What is terror management theory?
Anxiety associated with our awareness of mortality, and how it impacts on sense of self, social behaviour and worldview. Defensive reactions against death are a primary human motive Adherence to own cultural worldview increases as death becomes more salient - Turn to social-in groups to ensure values continue
37
What are differences in death anxiety?
Death anxiety is measured with self-report scale - some evidence of decline in age - Peak for m and f in 20s, again for f in 50s, then for both in sixties - high and low religiosity lower rating than medium; specific religiosu beliefs are important
38
What are Kubler Ross five stages?
``` denial anger bargaining depression acceptance - ```
39
What are the seven domains of experience of death, that influence quality of death?
``` physical psychological social spiritual or existential nature of health care life closure and death preparation circumstances of death ```
40
What are western attributes of good death?
control, comfort, closure, values and beliesf honoured, recognising impending death, optimising relationships
41
What are difficulties with home deaths?
intensive care needs of dying person family conflict, unresolved anger cognitive impairment of patient
42
When is home care appropriate for a home death?
when person is alert | when person can benefit from familiar surroundigns
43
What is passive euthanasia?
withholding or discontinuing treatment to end suffering
44
What is active euthanasia?
Deliberate action taken to shorten life
45
What is bereavement?
Process of adjusting to loss of someone close | Change in status, role and social and economic circumstances
46
What is grief?
Emotional response experienced in early stage of bereavement | [loss of primary relationships; relationships of attachment; relationships of community]
47
What deaths impact girls more?
siblings
48
What deaths impact boys more?
parents
49
What are stages of grief?
shock, disbelief, denial intense mourning period of restitution
50
What is anticipatory grief?
sadness and grief during caregiving period more likely when illness is over a long period; when dying person is not cognitively intact Chronic grief - associated with dependence before death; resilience associated with pre-loss death acceptance
51
What is mourning?
Social experience of grief
52
What are different expectations for expressing grief with regards on-time and off-time deaths?
Recover quicker from on-time deaths | Off-time deaths expected to produce more expression of grief
53
What are more appropriate terms than 'recovery' from grief?
resilience, adaptation, reintegration, resolution grief can lead to transformaion, emergence of new possibilities indicators of recovery are ability to find energy in every day life, ability to feel pressure, freedom from psychological pain and distress

PSYC213 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions