0-2 psychosocial

Question 1

What is caregiver - infant synchrony?

Answer 1

patterns of closely coordinated social and emotional interactions
coregulation and goodness of fit

Question 2

what is ‘goodness of fit’?

Answer 2

match of mood and temperament

Question 3

What is ‘co-regulation’?

Answer 3

reciprocal turn taking

Question 4

How is father’s style of play different to mothers?

Answer 4

shorter, more active, more jostling, less talking, less ritual

Question 5

What impact does day care have on peer relationships?

Answer 5

increases likelihood

Question 6

What is attachment?

Answer 6

bond that develops between caregiver and infant in first year of life

Question 7

What are signaling behaviours?

Answer 7

crying, cooing, clinging

Question 8

what is ‘temperament’

Answer 8

infant’s characteristic way of feeling and responding; shown through self-regulation and reactivity

Question 9

what is self-regulation

Answer 9

strategies that modify and adjust reactivity

Question 10

What is reactivity?

Answer 10

variations among individuals in emotional arousal, motor activity and attention

Question 11

what percentage of babies are ‘easy’?

Answer 11

40%

Question 12

what percentage of babies are ‘difficult’?

Answer 12

10%

Question 13

what percentage of babies are ‘slow to warm up’?

Answer 13

15%

Question 14

What percentage of babies are ‘mixed-pattern’

Answer 14

35%

Question 15

What are characteristics of ‘easy’ babies?

Answer 15

positive moods, regular bodily functions, good adaptation to new situations

Question 16

what are characteristics of ‘difficult’ babies

Answer 16

negative moods, irregular bodily functions, high stress in new situations

Question 17

what are characteristics of ‘slow to warm up’ babies?

Answer 17

moody and relatively unadaptable, don’t react vigorously to new stimuli

Question 18

How stable are early differences in temperament?

Answer 18

continuity of temperament over childhood and adolescence

Question 19

What are ‘working models’

Answer 19

internalised perceptions, feelings, expectations regarding social and emotional relationships with significant caregivers

Question 20

describe anxious-resistant attachment

Answer 20

stick close to mother and explore only minimally. Intensely upset by separation. When reunited seek close contact but angrily resist comfort.

Question 21

Describe anxious-avoidant attachment

Answer 21

Treat mother and stranger same way. Rarely cry when mother leaves. When reunited show mixed response to mother and avoid them.

Question 22

Describe disorganised-disoriented attachment

Answer 22

unresponsive, ‘frozen’, turn away when held, confused and contradictory behaviours

Question 23

Describe secure attachment

Answer 23

wary of strangers, search for mother / cry, when mother returns, pleased to see them, cuddle. Easily comforted by stranger but actively seek mother on return.

Question 24

What are consequences of secure attachment?

Answer 24

Cooperate beter, comply with rules, seek and accept help from parents when necessary

Question 25

What are consequences of anxious-resistant attachment

Answer 25

invest energy in conflicts, don’t have energy for interaction with environment

Question 26

What are consequences of anxious-avoidant attachment?

Answer 26

tendency to avoid interaction with parents, miss out on parental efforts to teach or help

Question 27

What are consequences of disorganised-disoriented

Answer 27

places child at future risk of aggression, disorder and other developmental difficulties

Question 28

What is autonomy?

Answer 28

child’s capacity to be independent and self-directed in activities, and balance demands for self-control with demands for control from parents

Question 29

What are cross cultural variations in attachment?

Answer 29

German - high value placed on independence and discipline. Attachment ‘failure’ in one culture may be success in another.

Question 30

What are patterns of attachment in adulthood?

Answer 30

Autonomous [secure - bad relationships with parents forgiven]
Dismissing [insecure - don’t think about childhood]
Preoccupied [insecure - emotionally entangled with childhood experiences]
Unresolved - disorganised

Question 31

What do Erikson’s stage one trust and mistrust develop

Answer 31

hope and apathy

Question 32

What development theories are sources of autonomy?

Answer 32

identification [psychoanalytic]
operant conditioning
observational learning
social referencing

Question 33

When does self-recognition occur in a toddler?

Answer 33

btwn 9 and 12 months

Question 34

When does self-description occur in toddler?

Answer 34

18+ months