0-2 psychosocial Flashcards
What is caregiver - infant synchrony?
patterns of closely coordinated social and emotional interactions
coregulation and goodness of fit
what is ‘goodness of fit’?
match of mood and temperament
What is ‘co-regulation’?
reciprocal turn taking
How is father’s style of play different to mothers?
shorter, more active, more jostling, less talking, less ritual
What impact does day care have on peer relationships?
increases likelihood
What is attachment?
bond that develops between caregiver and infant in first year of life
What are signaling behaviours?
crying, cooing, clinging
what is ‘temperament’
infant’s characteristic way of feeling and responding; shown through self-regulation and reactivity
what is self-regulation
strategies that modify and adjust reactivity
What is reactivity?
variations among individuals in emotional arousal, motor activity and attention
what percentage of babies are ‘easy’?
40%
what percentage of babies are ‘difficult’?
10%
what percentage of babies are ‘slow to warm up’?
15%
What percentage of babies are ‘mixed-pattern’
35%
What are characteristics of ‘easy’ babies?
positive moods, regular bodily functions, good adaptation to new situations
what are characteristics of ‘difficult’ babies
negative moods, irregular bodily functions, high stress in new situations
what are characteristics of ‘slow to warm up’ babies?
moody and relatively unadaptable, don’t react vigorously to new stimuli
How stable are early differences in temperament?
continuity of temperament over childhood and adolescence
What are ‘working models’
internalised perceptions, feelings, expectations regarding social and emotional relationships with significant caregivers
describe anxious-resistant attachment
stick close to mother and explore only minimally. Intensely upset by separation. When reunited seek close contact but angrily resist comfort.
Describe anxious-avoidant attachment
Treat mother and stranger same way. Rarely cry when mother leaves. When reunited show mixed response to mother and avoid them.
Describe disorganised-disoriented attachment
unresponsive, ‘frozen’, turn away when held, confused and contradictory behaviours
Describe secure attachment
wary of strangers, search for mother / cry, when mother returns, pleased to see them, cuddle. Easily comforted by stranger but actively seek mother on return.
What are consequences of secure attachment?
Cooperate beter, comply with rules, seek and accept help from parents when necessary
What are consequences of anxious-resistant attachment
invest energy in conflicts, don’t have energy for interaction with environment
What are consequences of anxious-avoidant attachment?
tendency to avoid interaction with parents, miss out on parental efforts to teach or help
What are consequences of disorganised-disoriented
places child at future risk of aggression, disorder and other developmental difficulties
What is autonomy?
child’s capacity to be independent and self-directed in activities, and balance demands for self-control with demands for control from parents
What are cross cultural variations in attachment?
German - high value placed on independence and discipline. Attachment ‘failure’ in one culture may be success in another.
What are patterns of attachment in adulthood?
Autonomous [secure - bad relationships with parents forgiven]
Dismissing [insecure - don’t think about childhood]
Preoccupied [insecure - emotionally entangled with childhood experiences]
Unresolved - disorganised
What do Erikson’s stage one trust and mistrust develop
hope and apathy
What development theories are sources of autonomy?
identification [psychoanalytic]
operant conditioning
observational learning
social referencing
When does self-recognition occur in a toddler?
btwn 9 and 12 months
When does self-description occur in toddler?
18+ months
