First Aid - Key Associations Flashcards
Actinic (solar) keratosis
Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma
Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric H+ secretion)
Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
Age ranges for patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML
ALL: child, CLL: adult >60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 45-85
Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
Skip lesions (Crohn disease)
Aortic aneurysm, abdominal
Altherosclerosis
Aortic aneurysm, ascending or arch
Tertiary syphilis (syphilitic aortitis, vasa vasorum destruction
Aortic aneurysm, thoracic
Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)
Aortic dissection
Hypertension
Atrophy of mammillary bodies
Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion
autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
Sickle cell disease (hemoglobin S)
Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric malignancies (eg, adenocarcinoma, MALToma)
H pylori
Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)
S pneumoniae
Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)
Group B streptococcus/E coli (newborns), S pneumoniae/N meningitidis (kids/teens)
Bilateral ovarian metastases from gastric carcinoma
Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency
Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
Brain tumor (adults)
Supratentorial: metastasis, astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme), meningioma, schwannoma
Brain tumor (kids)
Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma
Breast cancer
Invasive ductal carcinoma
Breast mass
Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)
Breast tumor (benign , young woman)
Fibroadenoma
Cardiac primary tumor (kids)
Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis
Cardiac manifestation of lupus
Marantic/thrombotic endocarditis (nonbacterial)
Cardiac tumor (adults)
Metastasis, myxoma (90% in left atrium; “ball and valve”)
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Chiari II malformation
Chronic arrhythmia
Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
DES exposure in utero
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
21-hydroxylase deficiency
Congenital cardiac anomaly
VSD
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
Constrictive pericarditis
TB (developing world); idiopathic, viral illness (developed world)
Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
LAD>RCA>circumflex
Cretinism
Iodine deficit/congenital hypothyroidism
Cushing syndrome
- Iatrogenic (from corticosteroid therapy)
- Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)
- ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma (Cushing disease)
- Paraneoplastic (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)
Cyanosis (early; less common)
Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
Death in CML
Blast crisis
Death in SLE
Lupus nephropathy
Dementia
Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts (vascular dementia)
Demyelinating disease in young women
Multiple sclerosis
DIC
Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery, acute pancreatitis, APL
Diverticulum in pharynx
Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
Ejection click
Aortic stenosis
Esophageal cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (US)
Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
S aureus, B cereus
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma
Glomerulonephritis (adults)
Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)
Gynecologic malignancy
Endometrial carcinoma (most common in US): cervical carcinoma (most common worldwide)
Heart murmur, congenital
Mitral valve prolapse
Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)
Helminth infection (US)
Enterobius vermicularis, Ascarios lumbricoides
Hematoma - epidural
Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped
Hematoma - subdural
Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)