First Aid - Classic Labs/Findings Flashcards
Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
Dating error, anencephaly, spinal bifida (neural tube defects
Anticentromere antibodies
Scleroderrma (CREST)
Anti-desmoglein (anti-desmosome) antibodies
Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
Antihistone antibodies
Drug-induced SLE (eg, hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide
Anti-IgG antibodies
Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
Microscopic polyangiitis and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss syndrome) (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3- ANCA/c-ANCA)
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
Antiplatelet antibodies
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
Diffuse systemic scleroderma
Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (diarrhea, weight loss)
“Apple core” lesion on barium enema x-ray
Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
Atypical lymphocytes
EBV
Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
Bacitracin response
Sensitive: S pyogenes (group A); resistant: S agalactiae (group B)
“Bamboo spine” on x-ray
Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
Basophilic stippling of RBCs
Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
Bloody or yellow tap on lumbar puncture
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
“Boot -shaped” heart on x-ray
Tetralogy of Fallot (due to RVH)
Branching gram + rods with sulfur granules
Actinomyces israelii
Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
Pancoast tumor (can compress cervical sympathetic chain and cause Horner syndrome)
“Brown” tumor of bone
Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color
Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
“Chocolate cyst” of ovary
Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma)
Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene leads to fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
Decreased AFP in amniotic fluid/materal serum
Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
“Delta wave” on EKG, short PR interval, supraventricular tachycrdia
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (Bundle of Kent bypasses AV node)
Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
Currschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
Disarrayed granulosa cells arranged around collections of eosinophilic fluid
Call-Exner bodies (granulosa cell tumor of the ovary)
Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with “raisinoid” nuclei and hyperchromasia
Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
Electrical alternans (alternating amplitude on EKG
Pericardial tamponade
Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
“Owl eye” appearance of CMV
Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei with central clearing
“Orphan Annie” eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in neuron
Lewy body (Parrkinson disease and Lewy body dementia
Eosinophilic globule in liver
Councilman body (viral hepatitis, yellow fever), represents hepatocyte undergoing apoptosis
Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar neurons
Negri bodies of rabies
Extracellular amyloid depositions in gray matter of brain
Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)