First Aid

Question 1

What are the three objectives of first aid?

Answer 1

1) Maintain breathing
2) Stop Bleeding
3) Prevent or treat for shock

Question 2

How many basic wounds are there?

Answer 2

Eleven

Question 3

Name the 11 basic wounds:

Answer 3

1) Fractures, open and closed
2) Sucking chest wound
3) Abdominal Evisceration
4) Massive Hemorrhage with Amputation
5) Laceration
6) Electric Shock
7) Smoke Inhalation
8) Burns
9) Hypothermia
10) Heat Stress
11) Puncture Wound

Question 4

What is the basic protocols for treatting wounds?

Answer 4

Scene is Safe
Call 911
Send someone to retrieve first aid gun bag and litter
Assess “CAB”
Treat
Reassess “CAB”
Reassess intervention and continue to monitor

Question 5

What does CAB stand for?

Answer 5

Circulation- check for pules or signs of life
Airway- open
Breathing

Question 6

If bone is sticking out?

Answer 6

Do not push back in, stabilize above and below fracture

Question 7

If organs are protruding?

Answer 7

Do not apply pressure to intestines. Do not stick back in.

Question 8

If placing tourniquet?

Answer 8

Place 2-3 inches abover wounds, not over joint. Write T and time of placement of forehead. Never release tourniquet once applied.

Question 9

If amputated body part is retrieved?

Answer 9

Wrap body part in towle/sheet/ect. Place in bag of ice. Do not place body part directly on ice.

Question 10

If electrical shock before you assess CAB?

Answer 10

Secure power source. If power source cannot be secured, use a non-conductive object to move casualty away from source.

Question 11

If smoke inhalation what is the first line of treatment?

Answer 11

Oxygen. after assessing CAB move paitent outside of smoke boundaries.

Question 12

What are the degrees of burn?

Answer 12

1st- red skin, mild pain.

2nd- red skin, blister, sever pain.

3rd- charred clack skin/tissue, may or may not be painful due to nerve damage.

Question 13

What is the “Rule of Nines?”

Answer 13

Estimated percentage of body surface area burned. Head, chest abdomin, left and right legs: front 9% and back 9%. Left and right arm: front 4.5% and back 4.5%.

Question 14

If treating burns?

Answer 14

Do not break blisters. Do not remove charred clothing sticking to skin.

Question 15

If treating hypothermia?

Answer 15

Removed wet cloths and cover with dry blankets.

Question 16

If treating heat stress?

Answer 16

Move casualty to cool area. Begin cooling measures. Remove excessive cloths. Drench with water. Ensure good ventilation area.

Question 17

If there is a penetrating object?

Answer 17

Do not remove object. Stabiliaze and bandage.

Question 18

If there is a sucking chest wound?

Answer 18

Seal with plastic over and tape all four sides or use chest seal. Check for exit wound.

Question 19

Three ways for controlling bleeding?

Answer 19

1) Direct pressure
2) Pressure points
3) Tourniquet (last resort)

Question 20

Describe the basic treatment for suicide gesture or attempt.

Answer 20

Always assume that a suicide threat is real; do not leave alone. Keep patient from inflicting harm to themselves. Get them under the care of a trained psychiatric professional.

Question 21

What are the symptoms of a joint dislocation?

Answer 21

Rapid swelling and discoloration, loss of ability to use the joint, severe pain and muscel spasms, possible numbness and loss of pulse below joint, shock.

Question 22

First aid treatment for a joint dislocation?

Answer 22

You should not attempt to put a dislocated bone back into place. Instead loosen clothing, place victim in most comfortable position, support injured part, treat for shock, and get medical help as soon as possible.

Question 23

When do you apply a cold pack to a sprain?

Answer 23

the first 24-48 hours to reduce swelling and to control internal hemorrhage

Question 24

When do you apply a heat pad to a sprain?

Answer 24

After the swelling stops, moist heat can be applied for short periods (15-30 minutes) to promote healing and reduce swelling. Heat should not be applied until 24 hours after the last cold pack.