First Aid Flashcards
What is Self Aid?
Emergency treatment one applies to oneself
Name some items that you might use as a splint from your military equipment
- Bayonet
- Rifle
- Entrenching tool
- Tent Poles and Stakes
- Web Belti
What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
Tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
How many pressure points, which can be used to control bleeding with fingers, thumbs or hands are there on the human body?
11
What is the object of first aid?
- To stop bleeding
- Overcome shock
- Relieve pain
- Prevent infection
What is First Aid?
It is the first care given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel can be made available
What is the unique feature of type “O” blood?
It is a universal donor
When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
If in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
Soldiers not accustomed to the heat, overweight soldiers, prior heat casualties, and soldiers already dehydrated due to alcohol use, diarrhea, or lack of water (insufficient use of)
How high should an injured limb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
What are the lifesaving steps? (The ABC’s of medical treatment)
- Open the airway and restore breathing
- Stop the bleeding / Protect the wound
- Prevent shock
When applying splint, where should the bandages be tied?
The bandages should be tied with knots against the splint
Whose first aid dressing should be used on a casualty?
Use the casualty’s field dressing.
What is manual pressure?
Pressure by placing a hand on the dressing and exerting firm pressure for 5 to 10 minutes. The casualty may be asked to do this himself if he is conscious and can follow instructions.
Should a casualty be given water to drink?
He should not eat or drink
Why should you dress and bandage the wound as soon as possible?
To protect the wound from further contamination of germs, and also to control the bleeding
What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
Mark his or her forehead with a T and if possible, note the time of the application of the tourniquet
Should you ever remove or loosen a tourniquet?
No, only qualified medical personnel can do that
How can you prevent athlete’s foot?
Keep your feet clean, use foot powder and change socks daily
Name 3 categories of heat injuries
- Heat cramps
- Heat exhaustion
- Heat stroke
What are the signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
- Cramping in the arms and legs
- Abdominal cramps
- Excessive sweating
What is the treatment for heat cramps?
- Move to a cool shady area
- Loosen clothing
- Drink at least one full canteen of cool water
- Seek medical assistance if cramps continue
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
- Sweating
- Headache
- Weakness
- Dizziness
- Loss of appetite
- Cramping
- Nausea
- Chills
- Rapid breathing
- Confusion
What would the treatment be for heat exhaustion?
- Move to a cool shady area
- Loosen clothing
- Drink at least one full canteen of cool water
- Elevate legs
- Casualty should not participate in strenuous activity for the rest of the day.
What would the treatment be for heat stroke?
- Move to a cool shady area
- Loosen clothing
- Spray water and fan the casualty
- Massage skin
- Elevate legs
- Drink at least one full canteen of cool water
What are two basic types of fractures?
- Open
2. Closed
What are some signs of an open fracture?
- Bleeding
- Bones sticking through the skin
- Check for pulse
What are some signs of a closed fracture?
- Swelling
- Discoloration
- Deformity
- Unusual body position
- Check for pulse
With an open fracture, what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding
What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
“Splint them where they lie”
How tight should tourniquet be?
Tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped.
Name 4 common points for checking pulse
- The side of the neck
- The groin
- The wrist
- Ankle
What are some signs/symptoms of shock?
- Clammy skin (cool, pale and damp)
- Restlessness and nervousness
- Thirst
- Loss of blood
- Confusion
- Fast breathing
- Nausea or vomiting
- Blotched or bluish skin
- Often perspires freely
- May pass out.
What is a heat injury?
A loss of water and salt, loss of sweat while personnel work in the heat, a general dehydration of the body
What is the greatest preventive measure for disease?
Cleanliness
How do you stop bleeding?
- Apply a field dressing
- Manual pressure
- Elevate the limb
- Apply a pressure dressing
- Digital Pressure
- Apply a tourniquet
Name two types of rescue breathing
- Mouth to mouth
2. Mouth to nose
What are the 8 steps in evaluating a casualty?
- Responsiveness
- Breathing
- Pulse
- Bleeding
- Shock
- Fractures
- Burns
- Possible concussions (head injuries)
Name the four types of burns
- Thermal
- Electrical
- Chemical
- Laser
In reference to carrying a casualty, what are the two-man methods?
Two-Man Support Carry
Two-Man Arms Carry
Two-Man Fore-and Aft-Carry
Four-Hand Seat Carry
Two-Hand Seat CarryIn reference to carrying a casualty, what are the one-man methods?
Fireman's carry
Supporting carry
Arms Carry
Saddleback carry
Pack-strap carry
Pistol belt carry
Pistol belt drag
Neck drag
LBE Carry Using Bearers LBE
LBE Carry UsingCasualty’s LBE
Cradle Drop DragWhat is the first step in the first aid of a burn victim?
Remove the casualty from the source of the burn
What are the 2 prescribed methods for opening an airway?
The jaw thrust
Head tilt/chin lift methods
What FM covers first aid for Soldiers?
FM 4-25.11
Where is a tourniquet applied?
Place the tourniquet around the limb, between the wound and the body trunk (or between the wound and the heart). Never place it directly over a wound, a fracture, or joint. Tourniquets, for maximum effectiveness, should be placed on the upper arm or above the knee on the thigh.
If a casualty were suspected of having a neck/spinal injury or severe head trauma, which method would you use for opening an airway?
The jaw thrust technique, because in most cases it can be done without extending the neck
What are the three types of bleeding?
- Arterial - Blood is bright red and spurts with each heart beat
- Venous - Blood is dark red and flow in a steady stream
- Capillary - Blood oozes from the wound
What is the treatment for shock?
“P.E.L.C.R.N.” Position casualty on their back Elevate the legs Loosen clothing wherever binding Climatize Reassure Notify medical personnel
What is CPR?
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, it is used to restore a heart beat
When can measures taken to restore breathing in an individual be discontinued?
- When a doctor says to stop
- When others relieve you
- When you cannot physically continue
- When the casualty begins to breath on their own
What is AIDS?
AIDS is the end stage of the HIV infection. At this point, the virus has attacked and weakened a person’s immune system
What do the letters AIDS stand for?
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
When should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
When the casualty has a:
- Head injury
- Abdominal wound
- Fractured unsplinted leg
How long is direct manual pressure applied to control bleeding?
5 to 10 minutes
What should you do prior to leaving an unconscious casualty?
Turn their head to the side to prevent them from choking on their own vomit
When should a tourniquet be used to stop bleeding?
As a last resort when everything else has failed or when an arm or leg has been severed off
What does COLD stand for?
Keep it CLEAN
Avoid OVERHEATING
Wear clothes LOOSE
Keep it DRY
What is the first indication of frostbite?
Skin becomes numb and white particles/patches form on it
What do you do to treat frostbite?
Remove clothing from the affected area, warm with body heat, dress the area and seek additional medical help
When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
As the individual breathes out
How should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
On his back with his knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
What do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
Wrap them in dry clean material and place on top of the abdomen (never try to put them back in)
How do you take the Carotid pulse?
To check the carotid pulse, feel for a pulse on the side of the casualty’s neck closest to you. This is done by placing the tips of your first two fingers beside his Adam’s apple
Should you put any medication or cream on a burn?
No
What are the 11 severe symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
- Strange or confused behavior.
- Wheezing, dyspnea (difficulty in breathing), and coughing.
- Severely pinpointed pupils.
- Red eyes with tearing.
- Vomiting.
- Severe muscular twitching and general weakness.
What are the 9 mild symptoms of nerve agent poisoning?
- Unexplained runny nose
- Unexplained headache
- Sudden drooling
- Difficulty seeing (dimness of vision and miosis)
- Tightness in the chest or difficulty in breathing
- Localized sweating and muscular twitching in the area of contaminated skin
- Stomach cramps
- Nausea
- Tachycardia followed by bradycardia (Tachycardia is an abnormally rapid heartbeat wth a heart rate of over 100
beats per minute. Bradycardia is a slow heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute)
What is the major cause of tooth decay and gum disease?
Dental plaque
What is the first aid procedure for a white phosphorous casualty?
Smother the flame by submerging the affected area in water or pack with mud. Then remove the particles by brushing or picking them out
What are the three categories used in medical evacuation?
- Urgent- within 2 hours
- Priority- within 4 hours
- Routine- within 24 hours
What is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
Lessen or prevent shock and infection
