Fire Department Incident Safety Officer Flashcards
A ____ __ ____ ____ (_ _ _) is the individual assigned ans authorized by the fire chief as the manager of the health and safety program.
health and safety officer (HSO)
An ____ ____ ____ (_ _ _) is a member of the command staff responsible for monitoring ans assessing safety hazards or unsafe situations ans for developing measures to ensure personnel safety.
incident safety officer (ISO)
NIMS was developed through ___ ___ ___ ___ _ (_ _ _ -) to create and mandate a consistent nationwide approach to prepare for, respond to, and recover from domestic incidents regardless of cause, size, or complexity.
Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (HSPD-5)
In 1970, Congress passed the ___-___ __, which created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
Williams-Steiger Act
THe roots of risk management and a dedicated safety officer in today’s fire service lie in the development and 1987 adoption of ___ ___, ___ __ ___ ____ ____ ___ __ ___ ___.
NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program.
As a companion document to NFPA 1500, ___ ___, ___ __ ___ ____ ____ ____, was created by the NFPA Fire Department Occupational Health and Safety Technical Committee.
NFPA 1501, Standard for Fire Department Safety Officer
Since 1977, an average of ___ firefighters die in the line of duty each year (1997-2013).
112
Some may argue that using data all the way back to 1977 does not reflect recent preventive efforts developed to improve firefighter safety. We have made progress: From 2004 to2013, the yearly average for LODDs drops to ___.
103
In fact, when viewed as the number of fire ground injuries per 1,000 fires, the number has been riding a roller-coaster, going up and down between __ and __ injuries per 1,000 fires over the past 30 years (and over the past 10 years).
22 and 25
The most common injuries for all fire service activities are ___, ___, and ____ ___, followed by ___, _____, and ____.
strains, sprains, and muscle pain
cuts, lacerations, and bruises
Firefighters who have survived an incident in which another firefighter was killed are considered at risk of experiencing ___-____ ___ ____ (_ _ _ _), a mental health disorder that can develop in those who have experienced a terrifying ordeal that involved physical harm.
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
ISO Responsibilities Thinking of the ISO as the "\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_" for an incident can remind you of the ISO's incident responsibilities: \_\_ = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_ = \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
“hazard MEDIC”
M = Monitor the incident environment and activities
E = Evaluate hazard potentials
D = Develop preventive measures
I = Intervene when a threat exists
C = Communicate urgent and advisory safety messages
Creating a safe operational environment is dependent on three components (the triad): ____, ___, ___.
procedures, equipment, and peronnel.
A ____ ____ is defined in writing and can take on many forms: standard operating procedures (SOPs), standard operating guidelines (SOGs), departmental directives, temporary memorandums, and the like.
formal process
In this context, ____ are strict directives that must be followed with little or no flexibility, and _____ are adaptable templates that allow flexibility in application.
Procedures
Guidelines
An ____ ____ is a process or operation that is part of a department’s routine but that is not written.
informal process
An ___ can become a training outline, a tool to minimize liability, and certainly a tool to guide your members.
SOP
OSHA regulations. Known as ___ __ ____ ____ (_ _ _), these regulations often outline the equipment required for a given process to be accomplished.
Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
The protective (insulative) quality of structural gear is given as a relative value known as the _____ _____ _____ (_ _ _) rating.
thermal protective performance (TPP)
____ is the process of learning and applying knowledge and skills.
Training
____ is the process of developing one’s analytical ability using principles, concepts, and values.
Education
In many ways, it is ____ ____ that helps to shape an individual’s values and attitudes.
safety education
A ____ ____ is capable of changing a person’s value programming, often in the direction of a more healthy safety attitude.
traumatic death
____ can simply be defined as the chance of damage, injury, or loss.
Risk
___ ______ is the process of minimizing the chance, degree, or probability of damage, injury, or loss.
Risk management
____ is the probability that an injurious event can happen, and it can best be described as ___, ____, or ___ based on the number of times that a particular hazard is present or the number of times ijury results from the hazard.
Frequency
low, moderate, or high
_____ can be viewed as a harmful consequence or cost associated with injury or property damage from a given hazard.
Severity
The overall strategy of hazard control is called _____. _____ is accomplished using a hierarchy of controls to reduce the potential for accidents and injuries.
mitigation
The fire service _____ _____ refers to a preferred order of hazard control strategies:
- _______
- _______
- _______
- _______
- _______
mitigation hierarchy
- Elimination
- Reduction
- Adaptation
- Transfer
- Avoidance
Prior to eleimination, though, hazard _____ and _____ are the control methods most often employed at an incident.
adaptation and reduction
The actual action used for mitigation is called a ______. (e.g., PPE, fire streams, zoning, barriers, ventilation, shoring, lock-out/ tag out).
countermeasure
The ____ was established in 1896 to address a multitude of fire prevention and fire protection issues.
NFPA
It is important to note that NFPA standards are often used to help define what is _____ for fire service equipment, procedures, and professional qualifications.
“acceptable”
Additionally, NFPA standards could be -and have been- viewed by the courts as ____ _____ or the _____ __ ____ when considering legal questions.
common practice
standard of care
OSHA is part of the __ _____ __ ____ and is tasked with the creation and enforcement of workplace law.
U.S. Department of Labor
Development of national minimum consensus standards, codes, and guides. Also collects data and reports trends on a wide range of fire-related topics.
NFPA
Develop and enforce the Code of Federal Regulations (CFRs) dealing with occupational safety and health.
OSHA
Research, investigate, and recommend safe procedures, processes, and habits.
NIOSH
Develop and implement a national response plan.
DHS
Issue and enforce regulations and provide training for issues regarding hazardous materials and processes.
EPA
_____ is the safety and health research and educational arm of the federal government and is part of the _____ __ _____ _____ __ ____(___) under the Department of Health and Human Services.
NIOSH
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
The devastating results of _____ _____ (____) ____ incidents (beginning generally in the 1970s) spurred the creation of the EPA to better prevent, respond to, and recover from hazmat incidents.
hazardous materials (hazmat)
A ____ is an enforceable rule of conduct that helps protect a society.
Law
A _____ ___ deals with rules of conduct in civil and criminal matters.
statutory law
____ ___ refers to a precedent established over time through the judicial process.
case law
A _____ typically outlines details and procedures that have the force of law issued by an executive government authority.
regulation
A ____ is a work of law established or adopted by a rule-making authority.
code
The term _____ can apply to any set of rules, procedures, or professional measurements that are established by an authority.
standard
A _____ is a publication that offers procedures, directions, or standards of care as a reasonable means to address a condition or situation.
guide
what is the NFPA standard that has become the “mother ship” of fire department safety and health because it ties together many other NFPA standards by referring to them by their applications.
NFPA 1500: Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program.
Requirements, responsibilities, functions, and authorities for the ISO are outlined in what document.
NFPA 1561: Standard on Emergency Service Incident Management System and Command Safety.
What are some major responsibilities of the ISO according to NFPA 1561?
- Participate in planning meetings
- Identify hazardous situations associated with the incident.
- Review the incident action plan for safety implications.
- Exercise emergency authority to stop and prevent unsafe acts.
- Investigate accidents that occurred within the incident area.
- assign assistants as necessary.
- Review and approve the medical plan.
- maintain a unit log.
As it relates to the ISO, the CFR emphasizes the need to have a written ___ ____ ___ for incidents involving hazmat, confined spaces, trenches, and hazardous energy emergency incidents.
site safety plan
For an IC to truly make a difference at an incident scene, the delegation of the safety function to an ISO needs to be _____.
proactive
The first __ ____ of an incident warrant close monitoring of firefighters and firefighting operations. The early appointment of an ___ gives the IC another set of eyes, another view point, and another consultant.
20 minutes
ISO
Generally speaking, a _____ _____ can be defined as one at which the initial response assignment is 100% committed and more resources are needed.
working incident
Once the ____ __ _____ grows past three, the IC should include an ISO.
span of control
NFPA ___ , NFPA ___ , and numerous requirements of the ____ ____ __ _____ _____ (___) give the ISO the authority to stop, alter, or terminate activities if an imminent threat exists.
1500
1561
OSHA Code of Federal Regulations (CFR)
Tools of an ISO to do the job:
Radio/Phone High-visibility identification Personal protective equipment (PPE) Clipboard file box Zoning tape box light and other miscellaneous items
Granted, once collapse occurs, unpredictability increases because _____ ____ are no longer in a physical position to carry load as they were designed.
structural elements
Combined with smoke and fire observations, ISOs must apply skill to predict and communicate _____ _____ and establish _____ ____.
collapse potential
collapse zones
A ___ ___ refers to the weight of the building itself and anything permanently attached to it.
dead load
A ___ ___ refers to any force or weight, other than the building itself, that a building must carry or absorb.
Live load
Loads are then imposed on building materials. This imposition causes stress and strain on the materials- called ____.
force
An ____ ____ is imposed through the centroid of another object.
axial load
An ____ _____ is imposed off-center to another object.
eccentric load
A ____ ____ is imposed in a manner that causes another object to twist.
torsional load
The three types of forces are ____, _____, and _____.
compression, tension, and shear
A force that causes a material to be crushed or flattened axially through the material.
Compression
A force that causes a material to be stretched or pulled apart in line with the material.
Tension
A force that causes a material to be torn in opposite directions perpendicular or diagonal to the material.
Shear
The ____ (or _____-__-___ ____) of a material directly affects is fire resistance.
mass (surface-to-mass ratio)
Some materials can ____ yet remain strong, while others will actually break apart as they deform. Thus, material is classified as being ____ or ____ based on this reaction to imposed loads and resistance to forces.
deform
brittle or ductile
Materials that will fracture or fail as they are deformed or stressed past their design limits.
Brittle
Materials that will bend, deflect, or stretch- yet retain some strength- as a force is resisted.
Ductile
_____ ___ includes a host of products that consist of many pieces of native wood(chips, veneers and sawdust) glued together to make a sheet, a long ____(tress only grow so tall), or a strong _____.
Engineered wood
beam
column
Cold-drawn steel, such as cables, bolts, rebar, and lightweight fasteners, loses ___ of its strength at ___.
55%
800F
Extruded structural steel used for beams and columns loses ___ of its strength at ___.
50%
1,100F
Structural steel also elongates or expands as temperatures ___. At ____, a 100-foot long beam can elongate __ ____.
rise
1,100F
10 inches
When heated, this moisture content expands, causing the concrete to crack or____ . _____ refers to the crumbling and loss of concrete material when exposed to heat.
spall
Spalling
A ____ ___ supports only its own weight and is commonly used as a decorative finish.
veneer wall
The term”____” can be used for many things but in this case refers to a combination of the four basic materials, as well as various plastics, adhesives, and assembly materials.
composite
Although the wooden I-beam is structurally strong, it fails quickly when ___.
heated
A ____ is any structural element that transmits a compressive force axially through its center.
column
A structural element that transfers loads perpendicularly to its imposed load is called a ____.
beam
Loads placed on a beam create opposing forces as the beam tries to deflect: The top of the beam is subjected to a ______ ____ while the bottom of the beam is subjected to _____.
compressive force
tension
A beam that is supported at the two points near its ends.
Simple beam
