Fire Control

Question 1

Thermal Burns can occur in which 3 ways?

Answer 1

contact with conducted heat source
Exposure to convection heat source
Exposure to radiant heat source

Question 2

Exposure to temp of only __ to __ will cause extreme pain and severe full thickness burns

Answer 2

280-320

Question 3

2nd degree burns can occur with exposure of

Answer 3

111 degrees, within 20 seconds of 131 degrees, one second of 158 degrees

Question 4

Flashover exposes firefighters to temps of __ to ___ degrees

Answer 4

1100-1500

Question 5

6 Measurable factors of Class A fires are

Answer 5

1. input heat
2. Fuel
3. Oxygen
4. Proportioning of the fuel/air mixture
5. Mixing of the fuel/air mixture
6. Uninhibited chain reactions between active fuel/air molecules

Question 6

Is matter created or destroyed? (True False)

Answer 6

False, matter is neither created nor destroyed it merely undergoes changes

Question 7

A BTU is

Answer 7

the amount of heat required to raise
the temperature of one pound of water one degree fahrenheit

Question 8

Specific Heat is

Answer 8

the thermal
capacity of a substance. It is the number of BTU’s required to raise the temperature of one pound
of a substance one degree fahrenheit

Question 9

Latent heat is

Answer 9

the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when passing between phases. Solid
to liquid is the latent heat of fusion. Liquid to vapor is the latent heat of vaporization.

Question 10

The latent heat fusion of water is

Answer 10

143 BTUs

Question 11

The latent heat of evaporation is

Answer 11

970 BTUs

Question 12

In what ways is heat transferred

Answer 12

radiation, conduction, convection

Question 13

Radiation heat transfer is

Answer 13

when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves. Radiant heat energy
emanates equally in all directions, in straight lines.

Question 14

Convection is

Answer 14

the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated
fluid. Convection will cause a heated fluid to become buoyant and rise. It is the primary heat
transfer method within structures and is responsible for the majority of fire and smoke spread
within structures

Question 15

Conduction is

Answer 15

the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter.
This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.

Question 16

What is the most dangerous product of combustion?

Answer 16

Heat

Question 17

Why is heat the most dangerous product of combustion?

Answer 17

heat is carried to remote areas of the structure and contributes to fire extension

materials reach ignition temp through heat and result in rapid fire spread

metal to wood structures weaken, which can lead to collapse

Question 18

The three stages of an interior fire are

Answer 18

growth, fully developed, decay

Question 19

How long a fire goes through the growth stage are dependent on 6 factors

Answer 19

A. The amount of exposed combustible surface.
B. The arrangement of the combustible surfaces.
C. The type of fuel source.
D. The nature of the combustible surfaces.
E. The ratio of combustible surface to room or area volume.
F. The amount of available air flow or ventilation.

Question 20

The rate of sustained Combustion is dependent upon what

Answer 20

availability of ventilation or air flow

Question 21

Flashover occurs where in the 3 stages of fire

Answer 21

end of the growth stage and beginning of the fully developed stage

Question 22

Flashover is defined as

Answer 22

Sudden full room or area involvement in flame, or the sudden auto ignition of
combustible surfaces and/or gases in an area heated by convection and/or radiation,
resulting in a sudden and intense rise in temperature.

Question 23

What is the most dangerous stage of fire?

Answer 23

Flashover

Question 24

Contributing factors of a quick flashover are-

Answer 24

use of synthetics that burn 2x 3x hotter

increase use of lightweight construction reduces structural mass, Higher surface area to mass ratios result in increased fire intensity and early
structural failure.

Building design with large open or undivided floor areas.

equipment insulates us from sensing the warning signs of rapid heat build up leading to flashover.

Question 25

Define Rollover

Answer 25

a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper
ceiling level just before flashover occurs. It is the last warning for Firefighters to
withdraw from the area

Question 26

Rollover is a warning sign of what

Answer 26

Flashover

Question 27

What is the most deadly flash phenomenon

Answer 27

Flashover

Question 28

Flame over is defined as what

Answer 28

rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire. Similar to
flashover, it is caused by the sudden ignition of combustible vapors that are produced from a heated
surface.

Question 29

What are the warning signs of Flashover

Answer 29

A fire burning within a room or area that is producing a buildup of heated smoke at the upper
levels of the structure.

Smoke that is increasing in heat and density.

A rapid banking down of heated smoke.

Fire of significant intensity exposing contents and surrounding areas to radiant and/or
convective heat.

Roll over occurring. Flame visible in the smoke rolling out the tops of open doors or
windows, and/or flames rolling in the upper ceiling level inside the fire area

Question 30

Vaulted or high ceilings are dangerous because

Answer 30

the area above the Firefighter’s head can
accumulate a great deal of superheated smoke. This delays the observable build up of heat and
smoke down low that would normally alert us to the flashover danger.

Question 31

Smoke Explosions are defined as

Answer 31

A sudden explosion of gases in enclosed, super heated areas that experience a sudden small amount of oxygen to produce ignition

Question 32

The warning signs of a smoke explosion are

Answer 32

Sickly or intermittent flame due to a reduced oxygen level.

Smoke being drawn past you into the fire area of the structure.

Heavy smoke swirling with great force.

Flickering flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in
the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

Question 33

Oxygen content must be between __ and __ for backdraft to occur

Answer 33

11-15%

Question 34

Backdraft is defined as

Answer 34

when sufficient air s introduced through a horizontal opening, a rapid explosive force will
occur inside the structure and cause building components to be hit with a severe
concussion. The now flaming gases explode out the openings that were just made.

Question 35

Warning signs of Backdraft

Answer 35

Smoke issuing out of any available structural openings, door jambs, window frames,
roof, and attic vents, wall cracks, etc.

Smoke igniting when it rolls into the outside air.

Heavy, hot smoke is visible but no fire can be seen or heard.

Structure appears to be breathing or puffing smoke.

Windows darkened due to long exposure to heat, may look like mirrored glass from the
outside.

Condensation forming on windows.

Windows pulsating or rattling from internal pressure.

Question 36

The difference between flashover and rollover is

Answer 36

flashover occurs during the first or growth stage of fire, with the triggering event being heat

Backdraft occurs during the smoldering or decay stage of fire, with the triggering event being oxygenWh

Question 37

What are the 4 construction features that present the greatest danger to firefighters

Answer 37

l. Any type of truss construction
2. Unreinforced masonry construction
3. Any cantilever construction
4. Unprotected steel construction

Question 38

A mental size up contains-

Answer 38

The occupancy involved

The age of the building

The construction type

Smoke conditions

Fire location and intensity, is it a “contents” fire or is the structure involved.

Question 39

What is the best entry and exit considerations

Answer 39

doors, fire escapes can be good but require the entire opening to be clear, windows are a last resort

Question 40

Ladders should be placed from where to where

Answer 40

uninvolved to involved

Question 41

Heat is defined as

Answer 41

A form of energy in transit or change

Question 42

Temperature is defined as

Answer 42

The condition of a body that determines whether it will transfer heat or receive heat from another body