FINISHED Anticonvulsants Flashcards
Which antiepileptic drug is selective for VSCaCs?
Ethosuximide
Which antiepileptic drugs act on both VSNaCs and VSCaCs?
Valproic acid and lamotrigine
What is the overall degree of plasma protein binding of most classic antiepileptic drugs?
High
Are dose-dependent plasma concentration curves for most antiepileptic drugs linear or non-linear?
Non-linear
What pharmacokinetic properties of antipeileptic drugs pose challenges to dosing patients?
Variable absorption among patients, high degree plasma protein binding, interfere with the metabolism of other drugs, induction of self and other drug metabolism, non-linear dose plasma concentration curves
What are some of the common, mild to moderate side effects of most anticonvulsants?
GI distress (nausea and vomiting, CNS effects (sedation, dizziness, ataxia, diplopia, cognitive “slowing” and impairments)
What are some common severe side effects associated with anticonvulsant drugs?
Hematologic (aplastic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lupus-like syndrome, agranulocytosis), hepatic (hepatic failure, fulminating necrosis), dermatologic (SJS/TEN)
Which anticonvulsants are known to be associated with fetal hydantoin syndrome?
Phenytoin, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine
Which anticonvulsant is known to be associated with spina bifida?
Valproate
Which anticonvulsant is known to be associated with an increased risk of autism?
Valproate
Phenytoin and fosphenytoin act on which ion channels?
VSNaC
Carbamazepine and oxycarbaxepine act on which ion channels?
VSNaC
Levetiracetam and topiramate act on which ion channels?
VSNaC
Phenobarbital acts on which ion channels?
VSNaC
Tiagabine and Gabapentin act on which ion channels?
VSNaC
Valproate acts on which ion channels?
VSNaC and VSCaC
Lamotrigine acts on which ion channels?
VSNaC and VSCaC
Ethosuximide acts on which ion channels?
VSCaC
Which anticonvulsants are used to treat status epilepticus?
Fosphenytoin (preferred), phenytoin, phenobarbital, and diazepam
Ethosuximide is used to treat which types of seizures?
Absence seizures only
Valproate is used to treat which types of seizures?
Partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and absence seizures
Lamotrigine is used to treat which types of seizures?
Partial seizures, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and absence seizures
Tiagabine and gabapentin are used to treat which types of seizures?
Partial seizures
Phenobarbital is used to treat which types of seizures?
Absence seizures and status epilepticus
