FINISHED Adrenergic Drugs Flashcards
Phenylephrine and clonidine belong to which class of adrenergic agents?
Alpha receptor agonists
Phenylephrine is selective for which receptor?
Alpha 1
Clonidine is selective for which receptor?
Alpha 2
What is the primary therapeutic use of phenylephrine?
Nasal decongestant
What is the primary therapeutic use of clonidine?
Systemic hypertension
Phentolamine and prazosin belong to which category of adrenergic agents?
Alpha receptor antagonists
Which alpha receptor antagonist is selective for alpha 1?
Prazosin
Which alpha receptor antagonist is non-selective for alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors?
Phentolamine
What is the primary therapeutic use of prazosin?
Urinary retention/hesitancy and frequent urination secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (reduces resistance of trigone muscle of the bladder to urine outflow)
Isoproterenol and albuterol belong to which class of adrenergic drugs?
Beta receptor agonists
Which beta receptor agonist prototype is non-selective to beta 1 and beta 2 receptors?
Isoproterenol
Which beta receptor agonist prototype has some selectivity for beta 2 receptors?
Albuterol
What is the primary therapeutic use of beta receptor agonists?
Treatment of bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma or COPD
What noticeable side effect is more prominent with the use of isoproterenol as compared to albuterol in asthma therapy?
Tachycardia (isoproterenol also acts on beta 1 receptors in cardiac muscle)
What is the mechanism by which beta receptor agonists mitigate an asthma attack?
Beta 2 receptor activation leads to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle, decreasing airway resistance
What are the common side effects of beta receptor agonists?
Cardiovascular effects, tremor, hypokalemia
Propranolol and atenolol belong to which category of adrenergic drugs?
Beta receptor antagonists
Which beta receptor antagonist prototype is non-selective for beta 1 and beta 2 receptors?
Propranolol
Which beta receptor antagonist prototype is selective for beta 1 receptors?
Atenolol
What is the primary therapeutic use for beta receptor antagonists?
Hypertension
What are the common side effects of non-selective beta receptor antagonists?
Beta 2 blockade in bronchial smooth muscle, delayed recovery from insulin-induced hypoglycemia in diabetic patients.
Amphetamine, cocaine, tyramine, and ephedrine belong to which class of adrenergic drugs?
Indirect-acting sympathomimetics
What is the adrenergic mechanism of action of amphetamine?
Displaces norepinepherine from vesicles and increases release into the synapse through transporters
What are the therapeutic uses of amphetamine?
Appetite suppression, narcolepsy, ADHD
What is the adrenergic mechanism of action of cocaine?
Blocks monamine transmitter reuptake, increasing synaptic concentrations of norepinepherine
What are the therapeutic uses of cocaine?
Ear, nose, and throat surgical procedures, limiting bleeding (intense vasoconstrictor effect), topical application
What are the common side effects of cocaine?
Seizures, hypertensive crisis, cerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia
What is the adrenergic mechanism of tyramine?
Causes release of catecholamines from vesicles, leading to increased synaptic concentrations of norepinepherine
What is the primary contraindication for tyramine use?
Concurrent MAO inhibitor use
What foods have high concentrations of tyramine?
Fermented food, some cheeses, pickled or marinated meats
What is the adrenergic mechanism of ephedrine?
Mixed action: causes catecholamine release from vesicles and directly activates adrenergic receptors
What are the therapeutic uses of ephedrine?
Asthma, decongestant (pseudoephedrine)
