Finish Materials Flashcards
Lath and plaster
plaster is cementing compound (usu gypsum and lime or portland cement) fine aggregates (sand, vermiculite, perlite)
lightweight fire-resistant plaster uses perlite, vermiculite
Keene’s cement, intense heat makes very hard, resistant plaster, used in wet/high abuse areas
stucco aka portland cement plaster is pland cement, lime, sand, water, used on ext, tile backing, base coat for others
lath is attached to studs
metal lath comes in diamond mesh (can be paper-backed, more flexible), flat ribs, ribs
first coat is ‘scratch coat’, middle is ‘brown coat’ (skipped in two coat), last is ‘finish coat’ (thinnest)
gypsum board can be used at lath aka rock lath, but is a special product, only use thin veneer coats of plaster, allow fire rating
edges finished w metal trim pcs: corner beads, casing beads, base screeds, expansion joints (min every 10 ft)
Gypsum wallboard
drywall, sheetrock, calsium sulfate dihydrate
fire resistant, cheap, easy to install, good sound control, versatile
standard 4’ x 8/10/12/14’
some have fire rating (thicker, 3/4”) or needs 2-ply of gyp., type X
5/8” is standard high-quality, 1/2” for cheap residential, double 3/8” often used in remodels, 1/4” for just putting it over old walls
square edge, TNG edge, taper edge (most common, allows tape)
foil backed for vapor barriers, backing board as tile substrate, water-resistant for wet applictns, abuse-resistant for high traffic, mold-resistant uses inorganic facings, predecorated w vinyl covering
faced w fiberglass is used as ext sheathing
screwed to framing, adhered to masonry w mastic
half the gypsum used is synthetic, made from an industrial by-product (flue-gas desulfurization)
hard to recycle old gyp, but some farmers use it for grapes, peas, peanuts
Gypsum wallboard trims
cornerbead
LC bead, L bead, LK bead, U bead/J metal, F reveal
Glass-reinforced gypsum
GRG, molded in factory to any shape, either continuous filament glass fibers or chopped glass fibers
aka fiberglass-reinforced gypsum, glass-fiber-reinforced gyp
for decorative elements
Tile
clay or clay mixtures; durable, fire and water resistant, cleanable, store thermal enegy
ceramic tile: glazed, unglazed, fired clay, can be dust pressed from dry clay
quarry tile: glazed, unglazed, natural clay or shale by extrusion process
nonvitreous (water abs more than 7%), semivitreous (3-7%), vitreous (0.5-3%), impervious (0-0.5%)
group I light residential, group II moderate residential, group III max residential, group IV high abrasion resistance/commercial
sizes are nominal; come with matching trim pcs
installationw full-mortar bed o/felt or membrane w welded wire fabric or metal lath (floor or stronger) or on backer board (cementitous panel w glass-mesh facing) w thinset mortar (wall, clg or less traffic)
Terrazzo
chips of marble, granite, quartz, etc in matrix of cementitous (portland cement, sand, water) and/or chemical (epoxy, polyester, polyacrylate, resinous, carbon to make conductive/reduce static buildup) mix
poured, mixed while wet, then ground down
PIP or precast
standard (small chips), venetian (larger chips), Palladiana (strips of marble between panels), rustic (depressed matrix to show chips)
install methods: sand cushion for floating floor, bonded when movement isn’t an issue, monolithic or thinset (cheapest) when thickness is an issue
Stone finishes
marble, granite, slate
3/4”-7/8” thick, attached w SS wires/ties go through backing, lumps of plaster of paris aka ‘spots’ adhere to backing
instal as floating, bonded, thinset
Acoustical suspended ceilings
ACT: acoustic ceiling tile, made of wood fiber, mineral fiber, glass fiber, often w recycled content (50-90%)
lay-in: tiles layed on top of grid, tegular: rabbeted edges, concealed grid
other types: metal strips, wood grids, fabric covered acoustical batts
coordinate w recessed lights, ductwork, sprinklers, fire alarms, smoke detectors, shade pockets, etc.
space above often used as return air plenum, if so, no combustible materials allowed above ceiling, all wiring in metal conduit, unless plenum-rated by NFPA
can be fire-rated, as part of a rated assembly
Seismic restraints
for nonstructural walls/partitions, cabinets, access floors, sprinkler pipes, bookcases, suspended ceilings
seismic design category: classified by soil (A/hard rock, B/rock, C/very dense soil/soft rock, D/stiff soil/default, E/soft soil, F/special soil), by risk/occupancy categories (I/miscellaneous, II/standard, III/hazardous, IV/essential), and by region
categories = A/least restrictive to F/most
Wood flooring
wood or engineered wood
strip (most common, TNG), plank (wider, TNG), block (herringbone common, veneer sometimes, unit blocks are strips w steel or wood splines), solid block (end grain, very resistant, usu industrial
Engineered Flooring
wood veneer, 3-7 layers, finished or unfinished
more dimensionally stable, unless very dry
floating floor; installed over layer of foam padding
can’t be refinished, reduces lifespan
parquet/mastic adhered, peel and stick, plastic laminate (clear wearing o/ melamine-impregnated printed sheet o/ phenolic-impregnated kraft paper, on high density fiberboard, water resistant backer), usu on foam backer, often TNG edges
if over concrete, vapor barrier needed
Grades and species of wood floor
clear, select, no. 1 common, no. 2 common, plain sawn, quarter sawn
beech, birch, maple in first, second, third grades
red oak, white oak, pecan, mahogany, walnut
yellow pine, fir, western hemlock
bamboo, palm wood (considered green because rapidly renewable)
finishes: water based urethanes (no VOCs), oil based or modified (no VOCs) urethanes (more durable), moisture cured and acid cured (Swedish finish) bad VOCs / very durable, factory finished
Wood floor installation
if over concrete, need membrane and blocking (plywood or sleepers) to keep off moisture, need gaps at edges to allow contraction/expansion
over wood base, use felt to reduce squeaking and be mild vapor barrier
must test moisture content, alkalinity
Resilient flooring
made from resins, fibers, plasticizers, fillers formed under heat and pressure
comes in sheets or tiles, seams can be solvent welded, adhered w mastic, or peel and stick often w foam backer
types: vinyl (PVC), vinyl composition (cheaper, less durable), rubber (quiet, comfy, less durable), linoleum (oxidized linseed oil burlap or felt back, very resilient, renewable sources), cork (good acoustics, but not for high traffic bc hard to clean but very resilient, renewable, usu sealed/waxed), vinyl-faced cork, asphalt (least resilient, cheap)
Poured floors
aka seamless floors, poured or troweled
made from resinous matrix, fillers, decorative elements over hard, seamless substrate
used in places where extreme wear and/or extreme need for cleanliness needed: industrial, commercial kitchens, food prep plants, factories, clean rooms, labs, hospitals, jails, parking garages
