Finish Carpentry Flashcards
Finish carpentry includes
factory finished items like finished cabinetry & shelving, wall paneling, custom doors; also exterior siding, interior trim, stair framing, door & window framing
Common hardwoods
red & white oak, mahogany, birch, ash, walnut, cherry, poplar, maple
Finish carpentry grading
by Western Wood Products Assn (WWPA): selects (B/better, C/select, D/select), finish (+superior, prime, E), paneling, commons, alternate boards (+ VG = vertical grain)
Lumber cutting
plain sawing = cutting straight across the end of the log, makes ‘cathedral’ shape, least expensive quarter sawing = cutting into quarters, then relatively perpendicular to grain rift sawing = quartering, then radially cutting to stay 90 to saw cut, stays parallel to grain, most expensive
Wood siding
bevel (shingle), shiplap (bad at moisture drip), rabbeted bevel, square edge TNG, v-TNG (good at moisture drip), channel rustic - usu. softwoods bc of natural insect repellent (redwood, cypress, cedar)
Wood stair construction
Wood trim profiles
Architectural woodwork
items made in factories where control is greater than in the field (machines!) - graded by the American Woodwork Institute (AWI): grade I, II, III, also premium, custom, economy grade for construction standards
Types of veneer cuts
plain slicing = plain sawing
quarter slicing = quarter sawing
rotary slicing = oblong shapes (least waste)
half-round slicing = less oblong shapes, as log it cut in half before (less than even plain slicing)
rift slicing = quartered, cut at 15 deg, reduces medullary rays (radial cells in oaks)
source log = flitch
Types of arch woodwork joints
Cabinetry door/drawer types
flush (expensive, need field/shop skill & good materials), flush overlay (millshop needs to be skilled), reveal overlay, reveal overlay
Types of veneer matching
bookmatching = most common, as if a book opened, slip matching = consecutive sliced placed side by side, random matching = no particular sequence, even from separate flitches
running match = bookmatches finish wherever, uneven ends
balance match = each veneer pc is equal in length
center match = ends of panel have equal veneer pcs
Types of veneer panel matching
not matched/premanufactured = least expensive, field cut around openings
sequence matching = panels made for job, attempts to keep grain continuity (loses at openings a bit)
blueprint matching = made for job, at openings, very litte grain continuity lost
Stile & rail panels/doors
vertical = stile, horizontal = rail, may have grooves to hold panel = sticking, center = panel, may have rim around it, held on by wood clips, z-clips or screwed to grounds (battens)
Plastic laminates
common = plam, HPDL, high pressure decorative laminate, phenolic resins w/ melamine resin on top
types of plam = colorthrough (no visible backing), fire-rated (adhesive, substrate less flammable), chemical-resistant (lab-grade, non-corrosive), static-dissipative (for high traffic, electronics, non-conductive), metal-faced (look like metal, v fragile), natural wood (thin veneers of actual wood)
Thermoset decorative paneling
surface is fused into backer, aka low-pressure laminates, melamine, don’t delaminate (so, restroom stalls), but lower quality, so don’t use in high traffic areas
Code reqmts for woodwork
limit the use of wood panels, ceilings, but not cabinets, based on occupancy, etc.
Finish on woodwork
field or factory finished; sanding & fillers for flatness, bleached or distressed to achieve a look
lacquer: nitrocellulose, hard & shiny; varnish: resins in a volatile, can be opaque; polyurethane: hard, durable, variety of solid/matte; polyester: hardest, most durable, difficult to repair
water-reducible acrylic lacquer, conversion varnish (most common transparent finish), catalyzed vinyl: very chemical & abrasion resistant, penetrating oil, stains (water & solvent based - water raises the grain, solvents dry quicker so do not raise the grain)
