FINALS: PVD Flashcards
What are the 6 P’s of arterial insufficiency?
Pain, paresthesia, poikilothermia, paralysis, pallor, pulselessness.
What is intermittent claudication?
: Pain in the lower extremities during walking or exercise, relieved by rest.
Which test distinguishes between vascular claudication and spinal stenosis?
Treadmill test:
Vascular: Pain relieved by rest.
Spinal stenosis: Pain relieved by leaning forward.
What are common sites for arterial ulcers?
Lateral malleolus, toes, dorsum of foot, anterior tibial area.
Q: What are common sites for venous ulcers?
medial malleolus
Q: Describe the drainage difference between arterial and venous ulcers.
Arterial: Minimal, dry.
Venous: Moderate to heavy.
Q: Which type of ulcer is associated with gangrene?
A: Arterial ulcers.
Q: What is the most common site for pressure sores in wheelchair-bound patients?
A: Ischial tuberosities.
Q: What are the stages of pressure ulcers?
Stage 1: Non-blanchable erythema, intact skin.
Stage 2: Partial thickness skin loss (epidermis/dermis).
Stage 3: Full thickness skin loss, subcutaneous tissue damage.
Stage 4: Full thickness skin loss, extensive destruction, necrosis.
Q: Which pressure ulcer stage may lead to osteomyelitis?
A: Stage 4.
Q: What is the gold standard for offloading neuropathic ulcers?
A: Total contact cast with rocker bottom.
Q: Where are diabetic ulcers commonly found?
A: Plantar aspect of the foot or weight-bearing areas.
Q: What does Wagner Scale Grade 3 indicate?
A: Osteitis, abscess, or osteomyelitis.
Q: What is tunneling in wound assessment?
A: Extension of wound depth along a path.
Q: Which color indicates healthy wound drainage: serous, sanguineous, or purulent?
A: Serous or sanguineous.
Q: What is the Levine technique for acquiring a wound culture?
A: Swab a 1 cm² area free of necrotic tissue, applying pressure for 5 seconds.
Q: What does a venous filling time of >15 seconds suggest?
A: Arterial insufficiency.
Q: What is a positive Rubor of Dependency test?
A: Dark red skin taking >30 seconds to appear after lowering the limb (arterial insufficiency).
Q: What does Homan’s sign test for?
A: Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT).
Q: What are the goals for wounds classified as “Yellow”?
A: Remove exudate and debris, absorb drainage.
Q: What is the focus for “Red” wounds?
A: Protect and maintain a moist environment.
Q: What Braden Scale score indicates high risk for pressure ulcers?
A: Scores of 10-12 (high risk).
Q: What does a Wells score of >3 indicate?
A: High probability of DVT.
: A 62-year-old male presents with a painful ulcer on the lateral malleolus, cold and pale foot, diminished dorsalis pedis pulse, and pain during walking relieved by rest.
Q: What test can confirm arterial insufficiency?
Q: What is a key treatment approach for this condition?
Q: What test can confirm arterial insufficiency?
A: Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) <0.9 suggests arterial insufficiency.
Q: What is a key treatment approach for this condition?
A: Revascularization, smoking cessation, and management of risk factors (DM, HTN, dyslipidemia).
A 50-year-old male with uncontrolled diabetes presents with a painless ulcer on the plantar surface of the foot, surrounded by callus, with dry and scaly skin.
Q: What is the likely type of ulcer?
Q: Why is the ulcer painless?
Neuropathic (diabetic) ulcer.
A: Peripheral neuropathy leads to loss of protective sensation.
A 45-year-old sedentary male presents with unilateral calf swelling, redness, and pain aggravated by dorsiflexion of the foot.
Q: What test result supports DVT?
A: Positive Homan’s sign.
A 70-year-old bedridden patient presents with a sacral ulcer showing full-thickness skin loss with tunneling but no exposed bone or muscle.
Q: What stage is this ulcer?
Q: What tool can assess this patient’s risk for developing more ulcers?
A: Stage 3.
A: Braden Scale (<18 indicates risk).
A 55-year-old female presents with an irregular, shallow ulcer on the medial malleolus. The surrounding skin has reddish-brown discoloration, edema, and moderate drainage.
Q: What type of ulcer is this?
Q: What causes the reddish-brown discoloration?
Q: What type of ulcer is this?
A: Venous ulcer.
Q: What causes the reddish-brown discoloration?
A: Hemosiderin staining due to chronic venous insufficiency.
