Final - Visual Perception and Cognition

Question 1

Bottom-Up Processing

Answer 1

-senses upward to brain
-analyze basic features before constructing a complete perception

Question 2

Recognizing a letter ‘A’ by first processing its individual lines and angles

Answer 2

BOTTOM-UP

Question 3

Top-Down Processing

Answer 3

-uses prior knowledge, expectations, and context to interpret incoming sensory information

Question 4

Reading a partially obscured word by using the context of the sentence to fill in the missing letters

Answer 4

TOP-DOWN

Question 5

Types of cognitive bias:

Answer 5

1) confirmation bias
2) motivated reasoning

Question 6

Cognitive biases

Answer 6

-systemic errors in thinking that arise from our brain’s attempts to simplify information processing
-can influence how we interpret info, make decisions, design, and conduct research

Question 7

Confirmation bias

Answer 7

-tendency to favor information that confirms our pre-existing beliefs

Question 8

Motivated reasoning

Answer 8

-tendency to process info in a way that protects our self-esteem or reinforces desired beliefs

Question 9

The “Replication Crisis”

Answer 9

-challenge of replicating findings of previously published research
-highlights the importance of rigorous testing methods, transparency in reporting, need to consider potential biases and limitations