Final terms part 5

Question 1

bioinformatics

Answer 1

combines biology and computer science

• find DNA with a sequence of interest
• align sequences to look for similarities
• predict structure and therefore function of RNAs and proteins

Question 2

transciptomics

Answer 2

study of the complete set of transcripts that are produced by a genome under a specific condition

Question 3

reverse transcriptase

Answer 3

transcribes DNA from RNA

Question 4

orthologous genes

Answer 4

similar genes between species

Question 5

paralogous genes

Answer 5

genes with similar function in same species

Question 6

homologous genes

Answer 6

related genes

Question 7

pharmacogenomics

Answer 7

tailoring drugs based on genetic information

Question 8

PCR

Answer 8

amplifies DNA

Question 9

cDNA

Answer 9

DNA based off of RNA

no introns

Question 10

Real-time PCR

Answer 10

measures the increase in the amount of PCR product during the thermocycling reaction

Question 11

RNA seq

Answer 11

method provides you with the sequences of all the transcripts in a sample

Question 12

genetic engineering

Answer 12

human manipulation of an organism’s genome

Question 13

transformation

Answer 13

genetic alteration of a cell by uptaking a piece of DNA

Question 14

clone

Answer 14

genetically identical

Question 15

DNA marker

Answer 15

a specific region of DNA that varies among individuals

Question 16

DNA polymorphisms

Answer 16

one of two or more alternate forms of a chromosomal locus that differ in nucleotide sequence or have variable numbers of repeated nucleotide units

Question 17

SNPs

Answer 17

single nucleotide polymorphism

Question 18

copy number variants

Answer 18

alterations of the genome that results in a cell having a variation in the number of copies of one or more section of DNA

Question 19

RFLP

Answer 19

technique that exploits variations in homologous DNA sequences

Question 20

shotgun sequencing method

Answer 20

used to sequence long DNA strands

Question 21

Human genome project

Answer 21

used shotgun sequencing and Sanger sequencing to find the entire human genome

Question 22

Sanger method

Answer 22

chain terminating
polymerase adds nucelotides starting from a primar ased on complementary sequences
ddNTP

Question 23

next generation sequencing

Answer 23

affix DNA to solid support and was DNA NTPs across the DNA
light is emitted
faster and cheaper than shotgun sequencing

Question 24

annotation

Answer 24

identification and description of genes and their inportant sequences
goal to assign functions to all of the genes in an organsim

Question 25

haplotype

Answer 25

set of SNPs that are close together on a chromosome

Question 26

cloning vector

Answer 26

circular DNA of known sequence

Question 27

Southern blotting

Answer 27

used to detect a specific sequence in a sample

Question 28

restriction enzyme

Answer 28

naturally occuring, cut genome in specific place

Question 29

exonuclease

Answer 29

cuts ends of nucleic acids

Question 30

endonuclease

Answer 30

cuts within nuclei acids

Question 31

transgene

Answer 31

gene that is inserted into a cloning vector

Question 32

restriction mapping

Answer 32

use of restriction enzymes to map their locations on a plasmid

Question 33

recombination hot spot

Answer 33

area of chromosome where recombination is likely to occur

Question 34

recombination cold spot

Answer 34

area of chromosome where recombination usually does not occur