Exam 3 Part 2

Question 1

population genetics

Answer 1

study of allele fequencies in a population

Question 2

gene pool

Answer 2

all alleles in a population

Question 3

why measure genetic variation?

Answer 3

genetic engineering
infer diversity in preparation for selective pressure
inheritance patterns 
genetic counseling/disease probability
adaptation
history of interbreeding

Question 4

genotypic frequency

Answer 4

the proportion of a speciic genotype within a population

ranges from 0-1

Question 5

allelic frequency

Answer 5

prportion of an allele within a population

Question 6

Hardy-Weinberg Law

Answer 6

allows us to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies in the absence of evolutionary forces

Question 7

Hary-Weinberg assumptions

Answer 7

no migration
infinitely large population
random mating
no mutation
no natural selection

Question 8

purpose of Hardy-weinberg

Answer 8

standard of comparison
predictor
control

Question 9

cline

Answer 9

gradient for allele grequencies that changes in a systematic way according to the physcial attributes of the environment

Question 10

genotypic variation measured in laboratory

Answer 10

measure gene product
examine nucleotide sequence directly (sequence it after PCR)
look for polymorphisms
visualized

Question 11

forces that change allele frequencies

Answer 11

mutation
natural selection
genetic drift
migration

Question 12

mutation

Answer 12

converts one allele to another

new allele may be neutral, detrimental, or adventageous

Question 13

natural selection

Answer 13

individuals with alleles that confer and advantage in the environemtn, produce more offspring on average than others in the population

Question 14

fitness

Answer 14

the relative reproductive ability of a genotype

Question 15

selective mating

Answer 15

most organisms do not mate randomly

Question 16

positive mating

Answer 16

similar phenotypes mate

Question 17

negative mating

Answer 17

oppostie phenotypes mate

Question 18

genetic drift

Answer 18

changes in allele frequecies due to random sampling in a population
reduce genetic diversity

Question 19

contributions to genetic drift

Answer 19

small population size
bottleneck
founder effect

Question 20

bottleneck

Answer 20

population is drastically reduced

Question 21

founder effect

Answer 21

when a population is established from a small number of breeding individuals

Question 22

migration

Answer 22

introduces or eliminates allelic frequencies

Question 23

gene flow

Answer 23

individual migrates and contributes their alleles ot the gene pool of the receptive population