Exam 3 Part 2 Flashcards
population genetics
study of allele fequencies in a population
gene pool
all alleles in a population
why measure genetic variation?
genetic engineering infer diversity in preparation for selective pressure inheritance patterns genetic counseling/disease probability adaptation history of interbreeding
genotypic frequency
the proportion of a speciic genotype within a population
ranges from 0-1
allelic frequency
prportion of an allele within a population
Hardy-Weinberg Law
allows us to calculate allelic and genotypic frequencies in the absence of evolutionary forces
Hary-Weinberg assumptions
no migration infinitely large population random mating no mutation no natural selection
purpose of Hardy-weinberg
standard of comparison
predictor
control
cline
gradient for allele grequencies that changes in a systematic way according to the physcial attributes of the environment
genotypic variation measured in laboratory
measure gene product
examine nucleotide sequence directly (sequence it after PCR)
look for polymorphisms
visualized
forces that change allele frequencies
mutation
natural selection
genetic drift
migration
mutation
converts one allele to another
new allele may be neutral, detrimental, or adventageous
natural selection
individuals with alleles that confer and advantage in the environemtn, produce more offspring on average than others in the population
fitness
the relative reproductive ability of a genotype
selective mating
most organisms do not mate randomly
