Final Terms

Question 1

Molecular Genetics

Answer 1

structure and function of genes and how they are regulated

Question 2

Transmission genetics

Answer 2

how traits are transmitted from generation to generation

Question 3

population genetics

Answer 3

the study of heredity in a group of individuals

studying one or a few genes

Question 4

quantitative genetics

Answer 4

study of heredity of polygenetic and multifactorial traits

Question 5

cytogenetics

Answer 5

analyzes the structure and number of chromosomes

Question 6

C value

Answer 6

amount of haploid DNA

amount does not always coorelate with a more complex organism

Question 7

genome

Answer 7

all of the genetic material in an organism

Question 8

DNA

Answer 8

deoxyribonucleic acid

Has an H at 2’ C

Question 9

RNA

Answer 9

ribonucleic acid

Has an OH at 2’ C

Question 10

Antiparallel

Answer 10

backbone of DNA runs antiparallel to each other

Question 11

Double Helix

Answer 11

2 strands of DNA twisted together

Question 12

Nucleotide

Answer 12

Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group

Question 13

major groove

Answer 13

wider groove in helix, where DNA is recognized

due to the glycosidic bond

Question 14

minor groove

Answer 14

smaller groove in the helix

due to the glycosidic bond

Question 15

nucleic acids

Answer 15

DNA and RNA

Question 16

Phosphate group

Answer 16

negatively charged molecule that bonds to 5’ and 3’ carbons of the sugar

Question 17

Deoxyribose sugar

Answer 17

in DNA-has an H at 2’ C

Question 18

Ribose sugar

Answer 18

in RNA- has an OH at 2’ C

Question 19

NItrogenous bases

Answer 19

A,T,G,C

Question 20

PHosphodiester bonds

Answer 20

bond between the phosphate group and pentose sugar

Question 21

chromosomes

Answer 21

tightly coiled DNA

Question 22

chromatin

Answer 22

Chromosomes and histones

Question 23

histones

Answer 23

proteins that DNA wraps around

Question 24

nucleosomes

Answer 24

10 nm fiber of packed DNA

Question 25

euchromatin

Answer 25

chromatin that is loosely packed and being actively transcribed

Question 26

heterochromatin

Answer 26

chromatin that is tightly packed and not actively transcribed

Question 27

epigenetics

Answer 27

change in genetic activity without a change in the code

Question 28

bidirectional replication

Answer 28

replication moves in both directions along the strand

Question 29

semiconservative replication

Answer 29

one strand is parent and the other is novel

Question 30

semidiscontinuous replication

Answer 30

one part of replication is continuous while the other is discontinuous

Question 31

origin of replication

Answer 31

place on DNA where replication begins

Question 32

replication bubble

Answer 32

bubble that grows as replication continues

Question 33

replication fork

Answer 33

opening part of the template DNA during replication

Question 34

leading strand

Answer 34

strand undergoing continuous replication

Question 35

lagging strand

Answer 35

strand undergoing discontinuous replication