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Biology 233 > Final Terms > Flashcards

Final Terms Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Molecular Genetics

A

structure and function of genes and how they are regulated

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2
Q

Transmission genetics

A

how traits are transmitted from generation to generation

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3
Q

population genetics

A

the study of heredity in a group of individuals

studying one or a few genes

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4
Q

quantitative genetics

A

study of heredity of polygenetic and multifactorial traits

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5
Q

cytogenetics

A

analyzes the structure and number of chromosomes

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6
Q

C value

A

amount of haploid DNA

amount does not always coorelate with a more complex organism

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7
Q

genome

A

all of the genetic material in an organism

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8
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

Has an H at 2’ C

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9
Q

RNA

A

ribonucleic acid

Has an OH at 2’ C

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10
Q

Antiparallel

A

backbone of DNA runs antiparallel to each other

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11
Q

Double Helix

A

2 strands of DNA twisted together

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12
Q

Nucleotide

A

Nitrogenous base
Pentose sugar
Phosphate group

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13
Q

major groove

A

wider groove in helix, where DNA is recognized

due to the glycosidic bond

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14
Q

minor groove

A

smaller groove in the helix

due to the glycosidic bond

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15
Q

nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

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16
Q

Phosphate group

A

negatively charged molecule that bonds to 5’ and 3’ carbons of the sugar

17
Q

Deoxyribose sugar

A

in DNA-has an H at 2’ C

18
Q

Ribose sugar

A

in RNA- has an OH at 2’ C

19
Q

NItrogenous bases

A

A,T,G,C

20
Q

PHosphodiester bonds

A

bond between the phosphate group and pentose sugar

21
Q

chromosomes

A

tightly coiled DNA

22
Q

chromatin

A

Chromosomes and histones

23
Q

histones

A

proteins that DNA wraps around

24
Q

nucleosomes

A

10 nm fiber of packed DNA

25
Q

euchromatin

A

chromatin that is loosely packed and being actively transcribed

26
Q

heterochromatin

A

chromatin that is tightly packed and not actively transcribed

27
Q

epigenetics

A

change in genetic activity without a change in the code

28
Q

bidirectional replication

A

replication moves in both directions along the strand

29
Q

semiconservative replication

A

one strand is parent and the other is novel

30
Q

semidiscontinuous replication

A

one part of replication is continuous while the other is discontinuous

31
Q

origin of replication

A

place on DNA where replication begins

32
Q

replication bubble

A

bubble that grows as replication continues

33
Q

replication fork

A

opening part of the template DNA during replication

34
Q

leading strand

A

strand undergoing continuous replication

35
Q

lagging strand

A

strand undergoing discontinuous replication

Biology 233 (20 decks)

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