Exam 2

Question 1

Transposable Elements

Answer 1

segments of DNA that have the capacity to move in the genome

Question 2

Replicative transposition

Answer 2

retrotransposons. TE is duplicated, made into RNA, treverse transcribed to DNA
DNA is transposed/inserted somewhere in genome
copy and paste

Question 3

Conservative transpotition

Answer 3

TE is cut out of chromosome inserted elsewhere

cut and paste

Question 4

Genes found in transposable elements

Answer 4

transposase (endonuclease) that cuts DNA (excise)
Reverse transcriptase
repeats at ends of transposable elements
recombine into genome

Question 5

terminal repeats

Answer 5

repeats at ends of transposable elements

Question 6

TE recognize genome in…

Answer 6

distrupt reading frame
-splice site nucletotides
insertion in regulatory sequence (new expression pattern)
fuse gene A and B together
Messy

Question 7

Transposable element types

Answer 7

autonomous

nonautonomous

Question 8

Autonomous TE

Answer 8

can move by themselves

encode transposase and other genes required to move it

Question 9

Nonautonomous TE

Answer 9

lack transposase gene -cannot move by themselves -need autonomous

Question 10

Cell cycle

Answer 10

M phase

Interphase

Question 11

M phase

Answer 11

mitotic phase

Question 12

Interphase

Answer 12

chromosomes are being replicated in prep for cell division
There are checkpoints, proteins assemble, etc
carrying on normal cell function

Question 13

Interphase subphases

Answer 13

G1 -gap phase
S phase
G2

Question 14

G1 phase

Answer 14

each chromosome is composed of a single chromatid, containing 1 DNA sequence

Question 15

S phase

Answer 15

synthesis phase.

each chromatid is replicated so that each chromosome contains two identical DNA molecules, called sister chromatids

Question 16

G 2 phase

Answer 16

each chromosome now consists of two sister chromatids

Question 17

Meiosis

Answer 17

2 successive rounds of a cell after only one round of DNA replication

Question 18

Gametogenesis

Answer 18

formation of haploid gametes in animals

Question 19

sporogenesis

Answer 19

formation of haploid spores in plants and fungi

Question 20

Crossing over

Answer 20

occurs during prophase I
Genetic recombination
non-coding DNA helps pair homologs up

Question 21

genetic recombination

Answer 21

produce new allele combinations in a chromatid

during prophase I

Question 22

chiasma

Answer 22

crosslike structure where crossing over occurs

Question 23

synapse

Answer 23

align according to areas of homology

Question 24

tetrad

Answer 24

homologous pair of chromosomes each with 2 sister chromatids