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A&P lab > final review > Flashcards

final review Flashcards

1
Q

polysaccharides

A

starch, glycogen

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2
Q

disaccharides

A

lactose, maltose, sucrose

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3
Q

what does sucrose break down into

A

glucose, fructose

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4
Q

what does maltose break down into

A

glucose

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5
Q

lactose

A

galactose and glucose

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6
Q

does carbohydrate at 37 degrees digest

A

no

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7
Q

fertilization occurs in the

A

fallopian tubes

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8
Q

know where promixal tubes are

A
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9
Q

carbohydrates use what enzymes

A

salivary amylase in mouth

pancreatic amylase in small intestine

= break starch into maltose

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10
Q

how to identify liver in the microscope slides

A

it has “holes”

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11
Q

Gene

A

A section of DNA that codes for a specific trait or protein

Example: The gene for eye color

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12
Q

Allele

A

A variant or version of a gene

You inherit two alleles for each gene (one from each parent)

Example: Blue eyes vs. brown eyes are alleles of the eye color gene

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13
Q

which germ layers are apart of embryonic development

A

ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm

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14
Q

where does the placenta develope

A

chorion

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15
Q

what phase does the primordial follicle get arrested in

A

prophase/meiosis I

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16
Q

which stage of the urterine cycle is when the progesteron/estorgen drop?

A

meses

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17
Q

anterior pituitary, how does it appear on slides

A
  • in the brain
  • dense histology
  • secretes 5 hormones
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18
Q

posterior pituitary

A
  • secretes 2 hormones (oxytocin/ adh)
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19
Q

What are the three zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

Zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis

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20
Q

What does the zona glomerulosa secrete?

A

(2nd lightest)
Mineralocorticoids like aldosterone
-Increases reabsorption of sodium in the kidneys (helps regulate blood pressure)

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21
Q

What does the zona fasciculata secrete?

A

(lightest one)
Glucocorticoids like cortisol
-Affects the rate of glucose metabolism, helps with stress response

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22
Q

What does the zona reticularis secrete?

A

(darkest)
Androgens – precursors to male and female sex hormones

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23
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Epinephrine and norepinephrine
-Trigger the “fight or flight” response (increase heart rate, blood flow to muscles)

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24
Q

what type of epithielium is in the esophagus

A

NOT ciliated (stratified)

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25
epithelium of the urinary bladder
transitional epithelium
26
what does Epididymides do
Site for sperm maturation and storage
27
interstitial cells
-made inbetween seminiferous tubules -secrete testosterone (stimulates spermatogonia to start dividing and differentiating)
28
which part of the sperm has to do with fertilization
the cap
29
what is normal to be in urine
Albumin (she choose), mucus, crystals, epithelial cells, leukocytes
30
Karyotypes which on these processes are you not supposed to use?
sonogram
31
Thryoxine/ Thiiodothryoine (T3/T4) & caicitonin made by
made by follicle cells, parafollicular cells
32
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
chief cells in parathyroid, raises blood calcium by breaking down bone to deposit into blood flow
33
follicle stimulating hormone
stimulates development of ova and sperm
34
Luteinizing hormone
stimulates secretion of sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen/progesterone
35
What are pancreatic acini and what is their function?
*They are exocrine cells surrounding the pancreatic islets; secrete digestive enzymes and buffers.
36
What are pancreatic islets
*Clusters of endocrine cells that secrete hormones, - appear lighter under the microscope, surrounded by darker acinar cells. insulin (beta) & Glucagon (alpha)
37
where does implantation occur
endometrium
38
where do contractions occur
myometrium
39
what does refractometer do
it has to do with specific gravty
40
What do bile salts do?
emulsify fat -made in liver (Hepatocytes more specifically)
41
where is rugae
stomach
42
Which one of these anchors the tooth in the socket?
periodontal ligament
43
How do you identify different types of teeth?
Incisors: Front 4 teeth (flat, sharp edges for cutting) Cuspids (Canines): Next to incisors, single pointed tooth (for tearing) Bicuspids (Premolars): After cuspids, have 2 flat cusps (for crushing) Molars: Back teeth, broad and flat (for grinding food)
44
What do parietal and chief cells do in the stomach?
Parietal Cells: Secrete HCl (hydrochloric acid) Chief Cells: Secrete pepsinogen, which is activated by HCl into pepsin (enzyme that digests proteins)
45
order of small intestine
Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
46
Blood Flow in the Kidney
Renal Artery → enters kidney at hilum → Segmental Arteries → Interlobar Arteries (run between renal pyramids in renal columns) → Arcuate Arteries (arch over base of pyramids) → Cortical Radiate (Interlobular) Arteries → Afferent Arterioles → into glomerulus (in nephron)
47
Blood Flow in the Kidney From Nephron
Efferent Arterioles → then either: Peritubular Capillaries (in cortex, around tubules), or Vasa Recta (in medulla, alongside loop of Henle in pyramids) → Cortical Radiate Veins → Arcuate Veins → Interlobar Veins → Renal Vein
48
which has filtration
Glomerulus
49
mucosa layer
epithelum, lamina propria, mudculsris mucosae
50
What is a tertiary (Graafian) follicle?
A fully mature follicle that contains: Secondary oocyte surrounded by the zona pellucida then the corona radiata A fluid-filled antrum Surrounded by granulosa cells and thecal cells
51
urine formation cycle
Glomerulus to Bowman's capsule → Filtrate formation Bowman's capsule to PCT → Reabsorption PCT to Loop of Henle → Reabsorption of water and salts Loop of Henle to DCT → Reabsorption and secretion DCT to collecting duct → Final filtration adjustments Collecting duct to renal pelvis → Urine transport to bladder
52
what does secondary oocyte get arrested in
metaphase ll
53
What is the role of progesterone?
Progesterone from the corpus luteum thickens the endometrium to prepare for embryo implantation.
54
What is the role of estrogen in the cycle
helps rebuild the endometrium after menstruation.
55
muscularis extera
Inner oblique (only in stomach) circular layer longitudinal layer
56
mature vs immature sperm (and where they’re present)
Immature Sperm (Spermatids): in the seminiferous tubules Mature Sperm (Spermatozoa): Mature sperm are found in the epididymis, stored here until ejaculation spermatid to spermatozoa is called spermiogensis
57
Which enzyme digests starch into maltose?
amylase
58
what slides where on there
panrease (she chose aciner), pituitary (pointed at posterior), liver, sperm processes and adrenal cortex layers. theres one who got mucosal bs lumen at the top
59
for the renal circulation model they pointed at
interlobular artery and vein
60
fats digest with bapna at 0 degrees?
yes

A&P lab (14 decks)

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