lab 5&6 Flashcards
Upon completion of this laboratory, students should be able to:
recognize the heart’s location in the thoracic cavity;
identify the external structures of the heart;
identify the great vessels, heart chambers, and heart valves;
describe the layers of the heart wall;
locate the arteries and veins of the coronary circulation and the area of the heart that each serves; and
relate the order in which the stimulus to contract is conducted throughout the heart.
heart is located n size
located in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity. It is approximately the size of your fist
The heart is surrounded by
pericardium.
four chambers
They are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.
great vessels (with the exception of the pulmonary arteries) are attached to the base of the heart.
oxy blood in and out?
deoxy blood in and out?
These vessels include the inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, and aorta.
LEARN LOCATION
deoxy blood ogoes into right atrium & leaves out of right ventricle
oxy blood comes into left atri & goes out of left ventricle
CHECK CORONARY CIRCULATION SLIDE
artires n viens location name, oxy or deoxy
The right and left coronary arteries are branches of the aorta. oxygen to myocardium
Coronary veins collect deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle.
Function: They return deoxygenated blood directly to the right atrium via the coronary sinus.
Collects deoxygenated blood from the heart and empties it into the right atrium.
location of diaphram and apex and base
Atria & ventricle
Atria: Thin walls.
Function: Collect blood and send it to the ventricles.
Ventricles: Thick walls.
Function: Pump blood to the lungs (right ventricle) or the body (left ventricle).
The left ventricle is the thickest because it pumps blood throughout the whole body.
anastomosis bw anterior intrventuclar arter m [pdterior interventuclar artiery
4 valves: 2 types n location
The two atrioventricular valves (the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve) are located between an atrium and ventricle. The two semilunar valves (the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve) are located between a ventricle and its great vessel.
Heart Wall Layers & Trabeculae Carneae:
Endocardium: The innermost layer (simple
squamous epithelium)
Myocardium: The thick, middle layer (made of cardiac muscle tissue.)
Epicardium: The outermost layer (visceral layer of the pericardium.)
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Trabeculae Carneae:
Location: Found near the endocardium
Function: they help prevent the heart walls from sticking together during contraction and provide structural support.
The major blood vessels associated with the heart are:
Aorta: The largest artery in the body that carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle to the rest of the body.
Superior Vena Cava: A large vein that returns oxygen-poor blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava: A large vein that returns oxygen-poor blood from the lower body to the right atrium.
Pulmonary Arteries: Carry oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.
Pulmonary Veins: Carry oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
Coronary Arteries: Supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle itself.
location & function
Tricuspid Valve:
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve:
Tricuspid Valve:
Located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
Prevents blood from flowing back into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve:
Located between the left atrium and the left ventricle.
Prevents blood from flowing back into the atrium when the ventricle contracts.
Blood is collected from different areas of the body by several major veins, including:
Great Cardiac Vein:
Small Cardiac Vein:
Anterior Cardiac Veins:
Great Cardiac Vein: This vein collects deoxygenated blood from the front of the heart (the anterior part of the heart) and drains it into the coronary sinus, which then empties into the right atrium.
Small Cardiac Vein: This vein drains the right side of the heart and also empties into the coronary sinus.
Anterior Cardiac Veins: These veins collect deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and drain directly into the right atrium, bypassing the coronary sinus.
Where do the coronary arteries branch from?
The aorta, just above the aortic valve.
How many heart valves are there?
What is the function of heart valves?
Four valves
stop backflow
Name the two semilunar valves.
Pulmonary valve and aortic valve.
Name the two atrioventricular valves.
Tricuspid valve and mitral valve.
What is the cardiac cycle?
The specific pattern of contraction of the heart chambers.
What property allows contractile cells to initiate their own contraction?
Automaticity
What is a thrombus?
What happens when a thrombus occludes a coronary artery?
A blood clot that forms abnormally within the circulation.
It can cause ischemia and angina pectoris.
What is an embolus?
A piece of a thrombus that breaks off and travels through the circulation.
What is a myocardial infarction (MI)?
A heart attack caused by complete blockage of a coronary artery.
Veins that Collect Blood in coronary circulation
Great Cardiac Vein: Drains the front of the heart.
Small Cardiac Vein: Drains the right side.
Anterior Cardiac Veins: Drains the right ventricle directly into the right atrium.
