lab 3&4

Question 1

What are the three basic types of blood vessels?

Answer 1

Arteries (thick), veins (thin), and capillaries (connecting arteries n vein)

Question 2

What is the primary function of arteries?

Answer 2

To carry blood away from the heart.

Question 3

What is the primary function of veins?

Answer 3

To carry blood toward the heart.

Question 4

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Answer 4

To serve as the site of substance exchange between blood and interstitial fluid.

Question 5

What are the three layers of tissue in the walls of arteries and veins? & what is space inside artery + what suports endotherlium

Answer 5

Tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa. & lumen & basement membrane

Question 6

How do arteries typically appear in cross-section?

Answer 6

Round with a very thick wall.

Question 7

How do veins typically appear in cross-section?

Answer 7

Flattened or collapsed with thinner walls.

Question 8

What structural feature is found in veins but not in arteries?

Answer 8

Valves.

Question 9

What type of tissue composes the endothelium of capillaries?

Answer 9

Simple squamous epithelium.

Question 10

What are the two circuits of the human circulatory system?

Answer 10

Pulmonary circuit and systemic circuit.

Question 11

What type of blood does the right side of the heart pump, and where does it go?

Answer 11

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs through the pulmonary circuit.

Question 12

What type of blood does the left side of the heart pump, and where does it go?

Answer 12

Oxygenated blood to the body through the systemic circuit.

Question 13

What is a portal system?

Answer 13

A group of veins that connect two capillary beds.

Question 14

What is the function of the hepatic portal system?

Answer 14

To carry blood from the capillary beds of the digestive organs to the liver sinusoids

Question 15

What is cardiovascular disease (CVD)?

Answer 15

A group of conditions affecting the heart and/or blood vessels.

Question 16

What are two common types of CVD?

Answer 16

Myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes).

Question 17

How frequently does a CVD-related death occur in the United States?

Answer 17

Every 38 seconds.

Question 18

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 18

The accumulation of cholesterol within the tunica interna of arteries over time.

Question 19

What can atherosclerosis lead to?

Answer 19

The formation of a thrombus (blood clot) that can occlude an artery and cause tissue death.

Question 20

What are the two categories of risk factors for CVD?

Answer 20

Controllable and uncontrollable risk factors.

Question 21

Name an example of an uncontrollable risk factor for CVD.

Answer 21

Age or family history

Question 22

Name an example of a controllable risk factor for CVD

Answer 22

Smoking, high blood pressure, or poor diet

Question 23

What can a person do to reduce the risk of CVD related to high blood pressure?

Answer 23

Maintain a healthy diet and exercise regularly.

Question 24

How can someone reduce their risk of CVD from high cholesterol?

Answer 24

Eat a low-fat diet and exercise regularly.

Question 25

How does avoiding smoking help reduce the risk of CVD?

Answer 25

It reduces damage to blood vessels and improves overall heart health

Question 26

Origin: Left from aortic arch; right from brachiocephalic trunk. Supplies: Head and neck through its branches

Answer 26

Common carotid artery (a.)

Question 27

Origin: Common carotid Supplies: Extracranial structures through its branches

Answer 27

External Carotid a.

Question 28

Orgin: External Carotid a. Supplies: Chewing muscles, nasal cavity, lateral face and scalp, and dura mater

Answer 28

Superficial Temporal a.

Question 29

Origin: External carotid a. Supplies: posterior scalp

Answer 29

Occipital a.

Question 30

Orgin: Common Carotid a. Supplies: Cerebrum through its branches

Answer 30

Internal Carotid a.

Question 31

Orgin: Subclavian a. supplies: Spinal cord, meninges, neck muscles

Answer 31

Vertebral a.

Question 32

Orgin: Internal carotid a. Supplies: Frontal lobe and parietal lobe

Answer 32

Anterior cerebral a.

Question 33

Orgin: Basilar a. Supplies: Temporal lobe, occipital lobe, midbrain, and thalamus

Answer 33

Posterior cerebral a.

Question 34

Orgin: Convergence of vertebral aa. Supplies: Cerebellum, pons, and inner ear through its branches

Answer 34

Basilar a.

Question 35

Orgin: Left Ventricle Supplies: Supplies its branches

Answer 35

Ascending aorta

Question 36

Orgin: Continuation of ascending aorta Supplies: Supplies its branches

Answer 36

Aortic arch

Question 37

Orgin: Branch of aortic arch Supplies: Supplies its branches

Answer 37

Brachiocephalic trunk

Question 38

Orgin: Branch of brachiocephalic trunk Supplies: Supplies branches

Answer 38

Right Subclavian

Question 39

Orgin: Branch of aortic arch Supplies: Supplies branches

Answer 39

Left Subclavian

Question 40

Orgin: Continuation of aortic arch Supplies: Supplies its branches

Answer 40

Thoracic aorta

Question 41

Orgin: Brachial a. Supplies: Medial forearm muscles

Answer 41

Ulnar a.

Question 42

Orgin: Brachial a. Supplies: Lateral forearm muscles

Answer 42

Radial a.

Question 43

Orgin: Continuation of axillary a. Supplies: Anterior muscles of upper arm

Answer 43

Brachial a.

Question 44

Orgin: Continuation of subclabian a. Supplies: Shoulder

Answer 44

Axillary a.

Question 45

Orgin: Celiac trunk Supplies: Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Answer 45

Common hepatic a.

Question 46

Orgin: Abdominal aorta Supplies: Kidney

Answer 46

Renal. a

Question 47

Orgin: Continuation of abdominal aorta which forks Supplies: Pelvic structures and lower extremity through its branches

Answer 47

Common iliac a.

Question 48

Orgin: Common iliac a. Supplies: Lower extremity through its branches

Answer 48

External iliac

Question 49

Orgin: Popliteal a. Supplies: Anterior lower leg muscles

Answer 49

Anterior tibial a.

Question 50

Orgin: Continuation of external iliac a. Supplies: Thigh muscles

Answer 50

Femoral a.

Question 51

Orgin: Continuation of femoral a. Supplies: Knee

Answer 51

Popliteal a.

Question 52

Drains: Chewing muscles and scalp Empties Into: Internal Jugular v.

Answer 52

Superficial temporal vein (v.)

Question 53

Drains: Skin and muscles of face Empties Into: Internal Jugular v.

Answer 53

Facial v.

Question 54

Drains: Brain Empties Into: subclavian v

Answer 54

Internal jugular v.

Question 55

Drains: Posterior scalp Empties Into: External jugular v.

Answer 55

Occipital v.

Question 56

Drains: Facial muscle and scalp Empties Into: Subclavian v.

Answer 56

External jugular v.

Question 57

Drains: Spinal cord and neck muscles Empties Into: Subclavian v.

Answer 57

Vertebral v.

Question 58

Drains: Axillary v. Empties Into: Brachiocephalic

Answer 58

Subclavian v.

Question 59

Drains: Subclavian, external jugular, vertebral internal jugular, and left intercostal (2-3) vv. Empties Into: Superior vena cava

Answer 59

Brachiocephalic v.

Question 60

Drains: Azygos v. and brachiocephalic vv. Empties Into: Right atrium

Answer 60

Superior vena cava

Question 61

Drains: Lateral hand and forearm Empties Into: Brachial v.

Answer 61

Radial vv.

Question 62

Drains: Medial hand and forearm Empties Into: Brachial v.

Answer 62

Ulnar vv.

Question 63

Drains: Radial and ulnar vv. Empties Into: Axillary v.

Answer 63

Brachial vv.

Question 64

Drains: Brachial, basilic, cephalic vv. Empties Into: Subclavian v.

Answer 64

Axillary v.

Question 65

Drains: Kidneys Empties Into: Inferior vena cava

Answer 65

Renal vv.

Question 66

Drains: Common iliac v. lumbar vv., right gonadal v., renal v., right suprarenal v., hepatic vv., and inferior phrenic v. Empties Into: Right atrium

Answer 66

Inferior vena cava

Question 67

Drains: Superior mesenteric v. splenic v., cystic v., and gastric vv. Empties Into: Capillary beds of liver that in turn drain into hepatic vv.

Answer 67

Hepatic portal v.

Question 68

Drains:All lower leg veins Empties Into: Femoral v.

Answer 68

Popliteal v.

Question 69

Drains: Medial lower leg and thighs Empties Into: Femoral v.

Answer 69

Great saphenous v.

Question 70

Drains: Deep thigh muscles Empties Into: External iliac v.

Answer 70

Femoral v.

Question 71

Drains: All leg veins Empties Into: Common iliac v.

Answer 71

External iliac v.

Question 72

Drains: Pelvic wall and viscera Empties Into: common iliac v.

Answer 72

Internal iliac v.

Question 73

Drains: Pelvic cavity and leg veins Empties Into: Inferior vena cava

Answer 73

Common iliac v.

Question 74

What force propels blood through blood vessels?

Answer 74

Blood pressure, established by ventricular systole (contraction).

Question 75

Where is blood pressure at its highest?

Answer 75

In the ascending aorta (i added, the first large artery that receives blood from the left ventricle, so the pressure is at its peak right after this strong contraction.)

Question 76

Where does blood pressure reach a value of zero?

Answer 76

In the large veins merging with the right atrium during atrial diastole.

Question 77

What is the blood pressure gradient?

Answer 77

The difference in blood pressure between the aorta and the right atrium, causing blood to flow throughout the systemic circulation.

Question 78

What is diastolic blood pressure?

Answer 78

The lowest pressure during ventricular diastole (when heart is resting bw beats)

Question 79

What is systolic blood pressure?

Answer 79

The highest pressure during ventricular systole.

Question 80

What causes the pulsation of blood pressure in large elastic arteries?

Answer 80

The rhythmic contractions of the heart.

Question 81

What is arterial blood pressure?

Answer 81

Blood pressure measured in large muscular arteries.

Question 82

What is a manometer?

Answer 82

A device in which mercury rises in response to pressure, providing a blood pressure measurement in mm Hg.

Question 83

What is blood flow?

Answer 83

The volume of blood flowing in a steady stream from one point to another over time

Question 84

What is blood velocity?

Answer 84

The distance traveled by blood in a specific period of time.

Question 85

What is the typical blood velocity through the aorta?

Answer 85

About 10-12 cm per second.

Question 86

Why does blood flow at a low velocity in capillaries?

Answer 86

To facilitate the exchange of substances in the tissues.

Question 87

What are some factors that increase blood pressure?

Answer 87

Rapid changes in body position, exercise, and emotional stress.

Question 88

What is cardiac output (CO)?

Answer 88

The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per unit of time.

Question 89

What is peripheral resistance (PR)?

Answer 89

The ability of blood to flow through blood vessels, mainly arterioles.

Question 90

How is peripheral resistance altered?

Answer 90

By vasoconstriction and vasodilation of arterioles.

Question 91

How is deoxygenated blood channeled away from tissues?

Answer 91

Through venules.

Question 92

What happens when precapillary sphincters relax?

Answer 92

Blood flows through open channels into capillary networks.

Question 93

What regulates the entry of blood into capillaries?

Answer 93

Precapillary sphincters.

Question 94

What is microcirculation?

Answer 94

The flow of blood through microscopic blood vessels, including arterioles, capillaries, and venules.

Question 95

tunica interna, tunica media, and tunica externa. & add th eblood pressur, there is a lot of stuff that i missed

Question 96

Blood pressure reaches its highest value during: Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a ventricular contraction b atrial contraction c ventricular diastole d atrial systole

Answer 96

venticular contraction

Question 97

which arteries is NOT part of the cerebral arterial circle?

Answer 97

middle cerebral artery.

Question 98

NOT part of the hepatic portal system

Answer 98

heptic vein

Question 99

internal jugular is not a vein in the arm t/f

Answer 99

t

Question 100

where is the axillary artery located

Answer 100

shoulder

Question 101

mean arterial pressure (MAP):

Answer 101

average blood pressure during a cardiac cycle

Question 102

blood flow rate is highest in:

Answer 102

capillaries

Question 103

Cold temperature reduce/increase blood flow

Answer 103

reduce

Question 104

Which chamber receives blood from the pulmonary vein?

Answer 104

left atrium