Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Intro to Bio 1 > Final Review > Flashcards

Final Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

which is not directly consumed by the Citric Acid Cycle?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which can be used as a terminal electron acceptor for the electron transport chain in mitochondria during cellular respiration?

A

Oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the source of electrons for photosynthesis?

A

H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

protein: charged to hydrophobic

A
  • cannot reside in aqueous environment
  • may aggregate or misfold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

protein in high concentration

A

protein aggregate rather than refold at high concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

visualizing and purifying

A
  • link with magnetic beads
  • incubate these with the samples
  • pour everything except the beads out of the tube
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

slow down methylation –> mutation rate?

A

mutation rate increases as the mismatch repair machinery cannot tell which is parental strand or daughter strand since parental DNA is unmethylated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

speed up methylation –> mutation rate?

A

mutation rate increases as the mismatch repair machinery cannot tell which is parental or daughter strand since parental strand is methylated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Adenylyl cyclase turns the signal _ ()

A

On; ATP_cAMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phosphodiesterase turns the signal _ ()

A

Off; cAMP_AMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

G2 checkpoint

A

number of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

M checkpoint

A

attachment of each kinetochore to a spindle fiber –> aneuploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sequence of mRNA =

A

non-template strand; T–>U

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Northern blot

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Southern blot

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Western blot

A

Protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

why are eukaryotic mRNAs normally not polycistronic?

A

because eukaryotic translation initiates at the first AUG on the mRNA

18
Q

least likely to be a restriction enzyme recognition sequence

A

least diversity in ATGC

19
Q

stop codons

A

UAA; UAG; UGA

20
Q

which is responsible for genes to be transcribed in specific cell types?

A

enhancer

21
Q

to make sure that the proteins migrate properly through the gel when an electric field is applied, how should the protein sample be treated before being loaded on the gel?

A

boil them in SDS

22
Q

urine in marine fish

A

small volume but more concentrated

23
Q

urine in land animals

A

small volume but high concentrated

24
Q

urine in freshwater fish

A

large volume but less concentrated

25
Q

levels of estradiol and progesterone in the ovarian phase

A

estradiol high
progesterone low

26
Q

levels of estradiol and progesterone in the luteal phase

A

estradiol high
progesterone high
thickening of the endometrium

27
Q

how to activate a B cell

A
  1. must recognize the epitope
  2. must interact by an activated T cells
28
Q

leptin _ appetite

A

suppresses

29
Q

ovarian cycle: hypothalamus stimulates what hormone

A

GnRH

30
Q

ovarian cycle: anterior pituitary stimulates what hormones

A

FSH and LH

31
Q

ovarian cycle: ovary stimulates what hormones

A

estrogen and progesterone

32
Q

ovarian cycle: positive feedback

A

estrogen on day 12-14 (ovulation)

33
Q

what are the key events in menstrual cycle

A

follicular phase/ ovulation/ luteal phase/ menstration

34
Q

follicular phase

A
  • follicle stimulates FSH and the growth of ovarian follicle
  • follicle stimulates estrogen which inhibits FSH for another follicle to be developed
  • estrogen promotes the thickening of endometrium
35
Q

ovulation

A
  • estrogen positive feedback
  • LH causes the follicle to rupture and release the egg
36
Q

luteal phase

A
  • ruptured follicle degenerate into corpus luteum
  • corpus luteum secretes high levels of progesterone and estrogen, thickening of endometrium (in preparation for pregnancy)
  • progesterone and estrogen inhibits FSH and LH
37
Q

menstration

A
  • if fertilization occurs, implantation happens in the endometrium
  • if fertilization does not occur, corpus luteum degenerates –> low levels of estrogen and progesterone –> menstrual blood –> prepare for another cycle
38
Q

phases in mitosis

A
  • prophase
  • metaphase
  • anaphase
  • telophase
  • cytokinesis
39
Q

depleting oxygen for cellular respiration

A

stops ATP synthesis; NADH and FADH2 will accumulate

40
Q

metabolism/ cellular respiration formula

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

Intro to Bio 1 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions