11 translation and the genetic code

Question 1

codon

Answer 1

triplet

Question 2

code is

Answer 2

triplet-based - redundant and unambiguous - non-overlapping - universal

Question 3

silent substitution

Answer 3

nucleotide-pair substitution –> no change in codon

Question 4

mis-sense substitution

Answer 4

change in 1 codon

Question 5

non-sense substitution

Answer 5

change in codon to stop codon

Question 6

frameshift

Answer 6

extra or missing/ causing immediate nonsense

Question 7

translation: the basics

Answer 7

1/ occurs in the cytoplasm on ribosomes
2/ mRNA binds to ribosomes
3/ ribosome catalyzes the addition of amino acids to the growing chain

Question 8

ribosome

Answer 8

E - P - A(tRNA binding site) site / small and large subunit

Question 9

translation initiation

Answer 9

1/ small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
2/ large ribosomal subunit completes the initiation complex

Question 10

stop codon

Answer 10

UAA, UAG or UGA

Question 11

translation termination

Answer 11

1/ ribosome reaches a stop codon on mRNA
2/ release factor promotes hydrolysis
3/ ribosomal subunits and other components dissociate