chapter 4 Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

Question 1

types of prokaryotes

Answer 1

archaea & bacteria

Question 2

types of eukaryotes

Answer 2

fungi/ plants/ humans

Question 3

what’s the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 3

prokaryotes have no nucleus but eukaryotes do have

Question 4

a typical prokaryotic cell includes

Answer 4

nucleoid, bacterial chromosome, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall

Question 5

animal only components

Answer 5

centrioles and intermediate filaments

Question 6

plant only components

Answer 6

cell wall and chloroplasts

Question 7

plant and animals cell components

Answer 7

plasma membrane, nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi appratus, lysosomes, mitochondria, microtubules, microfilaments

Question 8

label a specific kind of molecule

Answer 8

DAPI and similar dyes bind to DNA and fluoresce only when bound able to visualize all the DNA in the cell at once

Question 9

visualize a specific DNA or RNA sequence?

Answer 9

use a complementary strand probe for a specific sequence

Question 10

how can we look at specific proteins?

Answer 10

GFP: green fluorescent protein; antibody specific to the protein then bind a fluorophore to the antibody

Question 11

how do we study cells

Answer 11

separate them into their component parts and investigate

Question 12

grind and find

Answer 12

tissue cells –> homogenization –> homogenate –> centrifugation

Question 13

the nucleus

Answer 13

storage of genetic material, DNA replication, transcription of RNA, transport of mRNAs to the cytoplasm, assembly and export of ribosomes

Question 14

nuclear envelope is a

Answer 14

double membrane with nuclear pore that allows transportation

Question 15

Rough ER

Answer 15

protein synthesis for membrane and secreted proteins

Question 16

Smooth ER

Answer 16

lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium ion storage

Question 17

ribosomes

Answer 17

the sites of protein synthesis/ cytosol or bound to ER

Question 18

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 18

protein modification, polysaccharide formation, sorting proteins into specific vesicles

Question 19

lysosome

Answer 19

digestive enzymes

Question 20

mitochondria

Answer 20

site of cellular respiration; double membrane

Question 21

chloroplast

Answer 21

harvest energy from sunlight

Question 22

cell wall

Answer 22

animals dont since it allows us to move

Question 23

components of cytoskeleton

Answer 23

microtubules/ actin filaments/ intermediate filaments

Question 24

microtubules

Answer 24

both animals and plants; constantly changing

Question 25

actin filaments

Answer 25

animals; changing

Question 26

intermediate filaments

Answer 26

animals; stable maintaining cell shape no motor proteins