2-3 Chemistry

Question 1

the valence number of hydrogen

Answer 1

1

Question 2

the valence number of oxygen

Answer 2

2

Question 3

the valence number of nitrogen

Answer 3

3

Question 4

the valence number of carbon

Answer 4

4

Question 5

what is hydrogen bond

Answer 5

non-covalent bonds formed between an electropositive hydrogen and electronegative atom in a different molecule

Question 6

what kind of molecules are hydrophobic

Answer 6

non polar molecule

Question 7

structural isomers

Answer 7

same molecular formula but different connectivity between atoms

Question 8

geometric isomers

Answer 8

single bonds make tetrahedra and can rotate; double bonds impose a flat structure and do not rotate

Question 9

cis-trans isomers

Answer 9

cis has the larger functional groups on the same side; the trans are on the opposite sides

Question 10

sugar: the simplest carbohydrates

Answer 10

CnH2nOn

Question 11

how to make disaccharides

Answer 11

loss of water - dehydration to form a glycosidic linkage

Question 12

how to break into monosaccharides

Answer 12

water attacks - hydrolysis

Question 13

components of nucleotide

Answer 13

consists of nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, 1-3 phosphates groups

Question 14

what are the bonds in DNA

Answer 14

sugar-phosphate covalent backbones and hydrogen bonding base pairs

Question 15

components of amino acids

Answer 15

NH2 - amino group; chiral carbon; R side chain; H; carboxyl group (OH-C=O)

Question 16

non-polar

Answer 16

hydrophobic - C/ H

Question 17

polar

Answer 17

hydrophilic - O/ N

Question 18

primary structure

Answer 18

sequence of amino acids

Question 19

secondary structure

Answer 19

hydrogen bonds between atoms in the peptide backbone

Question 20

tertiary structure

Answer 20

3-D shape of a protein; interactions between R groups

Question 21

quaternary structure

Answer 21

association of multiple proteins in a complex

Question 22

components of lipids

Answer 22

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 23

saturated fats

Answer 23

pack together tightly because all single bonds; solid at room temperature

Question 24

unsaturated fats

Answer 24

double bond - liquid at room temperature

Question 25

phospholipids

Answer 25

2 fatty acids (hydrophobic tail) and a hydrophilic group

Question 26

plasma membrane is hydro__?

Answer 26

hydrophobic

Question 27

three ways to transport molecules across the membranes

Answer 27

1. facilitated diffusion 2. active transport 3. bulk transport

Question 28

facilitated diffusion

Answer 28

channel or carrier protein; X energy

Question 29

active transport

Answer 29

transport up the concentration gradient; requires energy (hydrolysis of ATP); generate concentration gradients

Question 30

bulk transport

Answer 30

endocytosis and exocytosis