12 Eukaryotic genome structure and mRNA processing

Question 1

basics of transcription by eukaryotic RNA polymerase II

Answer 1

RNAP 2 is recruited to the promoter by interaction with the transcription factors
occurs in the 5-3 direction

Question 2

eukaryotic chromosomes exist as

Answer 2

chromotin

Question 3

we need to create a

Answer 3

permissive chromatin environment

Question 4

what opens up chromatin

Answer 4

acetylation of histones

Question 5

what acetylate histones

Answer 5

HATs

Question 6

heterochromatin - repressive chromatin environment

Answer 6

DNA methylation repress transcription

Question 7

transcription is stimulated by

Answer 7

activators - activator proteins bind to enhancer elements

Question 8

transcriptional activators are

Answer 8

modular

Question 9

modular interaction

Answer 9

allows different transcription factors to recruit the same proteins to different DNA sequence
1/ dna binding domain
2/ activation domain - interacts with other proteins

Question 10

activator proteins allow

Answer 10

cell type specific gene expression

Question 11

structure of a typical eukaryotic gene and its mRNA

Answer 11

5’ cap 5’ UTR coding segment 3’ UTR poly-A tail

Question 12

5’ cap

Answer 12

protects the mRNA from degradation by 5’ - 3’ exonucleases

Question 13

poly A tail

Answer 13

protects the 3 end of the transcript

Question 14

introns are removed by

Answer 14

spliceosome

Question 15

RT-PCR

Answer 15

amplify RNA
1/ make a cDNA copy by RT, then amplify by PCR

Question 16

western blot

Answer 16

detecting proteins

Question 17

SDS-page

Answer 17

SDS is amphipathic and charged’ keeps protein unfolded and adds charges