5 Energy in Cells: Catalysis, Enzymes, and ATP as an Energy Source

Question 1

oxidation

Answer 1

removal of e-

Question 2

free energy G

Answer 2

is the amount of energy available to do work

Question 3

change in free energy

Answer 3

G final - G initial

Question 4

delta G < 0

Answer 4

release E; exergonic

Question 5

delta G > 0

Answer 5

consumes energy; not spontaneous; endergonic

Question 6

catalyst

Answer 6

lower the activation energy of chemical reactions; delta G does not change

Question 7

chemical reactions are

Answer 7

reversible

Question 8

at equilibrium, the rate of the forward and reverse reaction are

Answer 8

equal

Question 9

how do cells make endergonic reactions happen

Answer 9

endergonic reactions can be coupled to exergonic ones

Question 10

synthesis of ATP is coupled to

Answer 10

exergonic reactions

Question 11

breakdown of ATP can be coupled to

Answer 11

endergonic reactions

Question 12

how do enzymes catalyze reactions

Answer 12

substrates bind the active site by lowering the activation energy

Question 13

induced fit

Answer 13

binding of substrate to enzyme is exergonic and this change the conformation to the enzyme to better accommodate the substrate

Question 14

inhibiting enzyme activity

Answer 14

competitive inhibitors; non-competitive inhibitors

Question 15

competitive inhibitors

Answer 15

bind the active site

Question 16

non-competitive inhibitors

Answer 16

bind elsewhere and change the conformation of the enzyme to prevent substrate binding or reaction; allosteric inhibition

Question 17

allosteric regulator

Answer 17

changes the shape of an enzyme; can inhibit or activate enzymes