Final (Part 2) Flashcards
Grasping Hands + Feet
COMPLEX THAT MAKES UP PRIMATE PATTERN
- Opposable thumbs (power + precision grip)
- Pentadactyly (5 fingers; homology; not in birds)
- Nails/Claws (Nails>Claws; pads on hand to protect; claws on predatory animals
Visual Systems
COMPLEX THAT MAKES UP PRIMATE PATTERN VISION -dry-nosed -flatter faces -elaboration of visual centers of the brain - reliance on vision -stereoscopic vision (3D + depth + distance perception) -reliance on vision
OLFACTION
- wet-nosed
- reliance on other senses (other than vision)
- snout sticks out more
Large Complex Brains
COMPLEX THAT MAKES UP PRIMATE PATTERN
- large brain size relative to body size
- allometric relationship between brain and body size
- brains are larger than our body would predict
Why do primates have a larger brain/body ratio?
ECOLOGICAL INTELLIGENCE HYPOTHESIS
Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis
Ecological selection pressures –> influence brain/body size ration
Why do primates have such a large neocortex?
SOCIAL BRAIN HYPOTHESIS
Social Brain Hypothesis
- group size = influenced neocortex ratio
- neocortex = responsible for reasoning cognition
- constraints on a group size arise from the information processing capacity of the primate brain
What mediates relationship between group size and neocortex size?
- ability to RECOGNIZE other group members
- ability to REMEMBER who has a relationship with whom
- ability to MANIPULATE information about a set of relationships
Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis
Neocortex size –> predicts degree which primates engage in TACTICAL DECEPTION
Machiavellian Intelligence Hypothesis
Neocortex size –> predicts degree which primates engage in TACTICAL DECEPTION
Skeletal and Dental Features
COMPLEX THAT MAKES UP PRIMATE PATTERN
-unspecialized skeleton
-unspecialized dentition
Incisors.Canine.Premolars.Molars
Dental Formula:
Ancestral Animal
3.1.4.3
Dental Formula:
Stepsirrhine
2.1.3.3
Dental Formula:
New World Monkey
2.1.3.3
Dental Formula:
Old World Monkey
2.1.2.3
