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Anthropology 311 > #3 > Flashcards

#3 Flashcards

1
Q

Strepsirrhini

A

Lemurs, Lorises, Galagos (the smaller guys)

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2
Q

Haplorhini

A
  • Tarsiers (used to be strepsirrhini)
  • NWM & OWM
  • apes: lesser & greater apes
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3
Q

what is taxonomy?

A
  • the scientific naming of categories of organisms
  • clusters of traits due to common ancestry
  • used to distinguish broader categories (taxa, singular taxon)
  • commonly used traits: Morphology, genetics, behaviour, pelage, vocalizations
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4
Q

Taxonomy of Primate, Strepsirrhini, Haplorhini

A

Primate –> ORDER

Strepsirrhini –> SUBORDER

Haplorhini –> SUBORDER

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5
Q

Under the ORDER primate, which SUBORDER is wet-nosed and/or dry-nosed?

A

Strepsirrhini - Wet-nosed

Haplorhini - Dry-nosed

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6
Q

is the taxonomic order?

A

Order -> Suborder -> Infraorder -> Superfamily -> Family -> Subfamily -> Genus -> Species

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7
Q

what is the suffix for superfamily?

A

-OIDEA

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8
Q

What is the suffix for family?

A

-IDEA

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9
Q

What is the suffix for subfamily?

A

-INAE

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10
Q

How should genus and/or species be written?

A
  • italics or underlined

- genus (first letter) capitalized

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11
Q

What are the INFRAORDERS of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhini?

A

Lemuriforme

Lorisiforme

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12
Q

What is the distribution of the SUBORDER strepsirrhine?

A

Africa & Asia (Old World)

  • Lorises & Galagos
  • Cheirogeleids, Lemurids, Lepilemurids, Indriids, Aye-Ayes
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13
Q

What are the characteristics of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?

A
  • nocturnal (large eyes)
  • Tapetum
  • Wet-nosed
  • reliance on scent marking
  • independent mobile ears
  • immobile upper lip (inexpressive face)
  • 2.1.3.3 dental formula + dental claw / tooth comb
  • grooming claw and dental comb
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14
Q

what is the main mode of locomotion for SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?

A

Vertical clinging and leaping

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15
Q

Lemuriformes

A
  • INFRAORDER of strepsirrhines (SUBORDER)
  • only in Madagascar
  • among smallest primate
  • 5 families
  • ancestors got to Madagascar by “rafting”
  • diversified to fill niches
  • survived due to competing monkeys
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16
Q

What is the distribution of Lemuriformes?

A

Only in Madagascar

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17
Q

Lemuridae

A

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

  • ring-tailed brown, ruffed lemurs
  • Arboreal and terrestrial
  • Medium sized
  • Diurnal
  • lack tapetum lucidum
  • large diversity in diet
18
Q

Indriidae

A

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

  • woolly lemurs, sifakas, indiris
  • Arboreal and terrestrial
  • Medium to large sized primates
  • dirunal & Nocturnal
  • Folivorous
19
Q

What is Tapetum Lucidium

A

What gives an animal eye shine (looks like its glowing at night)

20
Q

What is Folivorous

A

leaf eating animal

21
Q

Daubentoniidae

A

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

  • nocturnal
  • Solitary
  • Continually growing incisors (rodent-like)
  • Omnivorous (Bony finger- specialized in extractive foraging)
  • near threatened
22
Q

Lorisiformes

A

INFRAORDER of suborder strepsirrhines

  • 2 families ( Lorisidae - Loris) (Galagidae - Galago)
  • shared common ancestor with Lorisiformes –> in Eocene 55-33mya (competition on mainland africa)
  • Solitary
23
Q

What is the diet of lorisiformes

A

-insects and fruits

24
Q

What is the distribution of lorisiformes

A

-Asia and Africa
-family lorisidae found in:
Asia –> Lorises
Africa –> Loris related species

-family galagidae (Galagos) –> bush babies (only found in africa)

25
Q

What other names are galagos referred to as?

A

Bush Babies

26
Q

What is arboreal?

A

Living in trees

27
Q

What type of locomotion do Lorisiformes use?

A

vertical clingers and leapers

28
Q

What taxonomic order is Tarsiiformes?

A

INFRAORDER of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)

29
Q

Tarsiiformes

A
  • FAMILY –> Tarsiidae

- tarsiers communicate using ultrasound

30
Q

What is the distribution of Tarsiiformes?

A

only found in SE Asia

31
Q

What are characteristics of Tarsiiformes?

A
  • large eyes and ears
  • lack tapetum lucidum (lack eye-shine)
  • different eye-brain (thalamus) connection
  • elongated tarsus bone in foot (running & jumping)
  • different dental formula
32
Q

What are characteristics of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)

A
  • Tarsiers, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
  • diurnal (Except tarsiers and owl monkey)
  • dry noses (less reliance on olfaction)
  • flatter faces
  • reduced sense of hearing (immobile ears)
  • mobile upper lip (highly expressive faces)
33
Q

what are the infraorders of Haplorhini?

A

Platyrrhini

Catarrhini

34
Q

What is Platyrrhini

A
  • INFRAORDER of Haplorhini
  • New World Monkeys
  • more separated nostrils / more round
35
Q

What is Catarrhini?

A
  • INFRAORDER of Haplorhini
  • Old World Monkeys
  • Apes
  • Humans
  • more centered nostrils / elongated nostrils
36
Q

Distributions and traits of NWM

A
  • Mexico and central America
  • Arboreal
  • Smaller body size than OWM
  • have tails (Atelidae have prehensile tails)
  • families have partial prehensile tails
37
Q

What is the dental formula of NWM?

A

2.1.3.3

36 teeth

38
Q

what is polyandry?

A

-only one female in the group mates with multiple males

one female with multiple males

39
Q

What is cooperative polyandry?

A

more than one female in a group (females are closely related) but only one is reproductively active. Others in the group help raise offspring

40
Q

Callitrichidae

A

FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER)

  • marmosets and tamarins
  • smallest monkeys
  • monogamous and polyandrous (cooperative) groups
  • twins
  • male care of infants
  • little sexual dimorphism (not a lot of size difference between the males and females)
41
Q

Atelidae

A

FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER)

  • arboreal
  • diurnal
  • prehensile tail
  • tail functions as a fifth limb
  • polygamous
  • fission-fusion societies

Anthropology 311 (9 decks)

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