#3 Flashcards
Strepsirrhini
Lemurs, Lorises, Galagos (the smaller guys)
Haplorhini
- Tarsiers (used to be strepsirrhini)
- NWM & OWM
- apes: lesser & greater apes
what is taxonomy?
- the scientific naming of categories of organisms
- clusters of traits due to common ancestry
- used to distinguish broader categories (taxa, singular taxon)
- commonly used traits: Morphology, genetics, behaviour, pelage, vocalizations
Taxonomy of Primate, Strepsirrhini, Haplorhini
Primate –> ORDER
Strepsirrhini –> SUBORDER
Haplorhini –> SUBORDER
Under the ORDER primate, which SUBORDER is wet-nosed and/or dry-nosed?
Strepsirrhini - Wet-nosed
Haplorhini - Dry-nosed
is the taxonomic order?
Order -> Suborder -> Infraorder -> Superfamily -> Family -> Subfamily -> Genus -> Species
what is the suffix for superfamily?
-OIDEA
What is the suffix for family?
-IDEA
What is the suffix for subfamily?
-INAE
How should genus and/or species be written?
- italics or underlined
- genus (first letter) capitalized
What are the INFRAORDERS of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhini?
Lemuriforme
Lorisiforme
What is the distribution of the SUBORDER strepsirrhine?
Africa & Asia (Old World)
- Lorises & Galagos
- Cheirogeleids, Lemurids, Lepilemurids, Indriids, Aye-Ayes
What are the characteristics of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?
- nocturnal (large eyes)
- Tapetum
- Wet-nosed
- reliance on scent marking
- independent mobile ears
- immobile upper lip (inexpressive face)
- 2.1.3.3 dental formula + dental claw / tooth comb
- grooming claw and dental comb
what is the main mode of locomotion for SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?
Vertical clinging and leaping
Lemuriformes
- INFRAORDER of strepsirrhines (SUBORDER)
- only in Madagascar
- among smallest primate
- 5 families
- ancestors got to Madagascar by “rafting”
- diversified to fill niches
- survived due to competing monkeys
What is the distribution of Lemuriformes?
Only in Madagascar
Lemuridae
FAMILY of Lemuriformes
- ring-tailed brown, ruffed lemurs
- Arboreal and terrestrial
- Medium sized
- Diurnal
- lack tapetum lucidum
- large diversity in diet
Indriidae
FAMILY of Lemuriformes
- woolly lemurs, sifakas, indiris
- Arboreal and terrestrial
- Medium to large sized primates
- dirunal & Nocturnal
- Folivorous
What is Tapetum Lucidium
What gives an animal eye shine (looks like its glowing at night)
What is Folivorous
leaf eating animal
Daubentoniidae
FAMILY of Lemuriformes
- nocturnal
- Solitary
- Continually growing incisors (rodent-like)
- Omnivorous (Bony finger- specialized in extractive foraging)
- near threatened
Lorisiformes
INFRAORDER of suborder strepsirrhines
- 2 families ( Lorisidae - Loris) (Galagidae - Galago)
- shared common ancestor with Lorisiformes –> in Eocene 55-33mya (competition on mainland africa)
- Solitary
What is the diet of lorisiformes
-insects and fruits
What is the distribution of lorisiformes
-Asia and Africa
-family lorisidae found in:
Asia –> Lorises
Africa –> Loris related species
-family galagidae (Galagos) –> bush babies (only found in africa)
What other names are galagos referred to as?
Bush Babies
What is arboreal?
Living in trees
What type of locomotion do Lorisiformes use?
vertical clingers and leapers
What taxonomic order is Tarsiiformes?
INFRAORDER of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)
Tarsiiformes
- FAMILY –> Tarsiidae
- tarsiers communicate using ultrasound
What is the distribution of Tarsiiformes?
only found in SE Asia
What are characteristics of Tarsiiformes?
- large eyes and ears
- lack tapetum lucidum (lack eye-shine)
- different eye-brain (thalamus) connection
- elongated tarsus bone in foot (running & jumping)
- different dental formula
What are characteristics of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)
- Tarsiers, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans
- diurnal (Except tarsiers and owl monkey)
- dry noses (less reliance on olfaction)
- flatter faces
- reduced sense of hearing (immobile ears)
- mobile upper lip (highly expressive faces)
what are the infraorders of Haplorhini?
Platyrrhini
Catarrhini
What is Platyrrhini
- INFRAORDER of Haplorhini
- New World Monkeys
- more separated nostrils / more round
What is Catarrhini?
- INFRAORDER of Haplorhini
- Old World Monkeys
- Apes
- Humans
- more centered nostrils / elongated nostrils
Distributions and traits of NWM
- Mexico and central America
- Arboreal
- Smaller body size than OWM
- have tails (Atelidae have prehensile tails)
- families have partial prehensile tails
What is the dental formula of NWM?
2.1.3.3
36 teeth
what is polyandry?
-only one female in the group mates with multiple males
one female with multiple males
What is cooperative polyandry?
more than one female in a group (females are closely related) but only one is reproductively active. Others in the group help raise offspring
Callitrichidae
FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER)
- marmosets and tamarins
- smallest monkeys
- monogamous and polyandrous (cooperative) groups
- twins
- male care of infants
- little sexual dimorphism (not a lot of size difference between the males and females)
Atelidae
FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER)
- arboreal
- diurnal
- prehensile tail
- tail functions as a fifth limb
- polygamous
- fission-fusion societies
