Final OB Q4 T1 Flashcards
The cerebral spinal fluid travels from the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle via what structure?
Foramen of Monro
Is Nuchal skin fold measurement used to confirm gestational age?
No
The third ventricle communicates with the fourth ventricle at the
Aqueduct of Silvius
Parameters of a BPP
- fetal tone
- gross movements
- fetal breathing
- amniotic fluid volume
- non stress test
The size of the sister in a magna is obtained by measuring from the _____ to the ______
Vermis to the occipital bone
The Cisterna magna should not exceed _____ in the transcerebral plane
10mm
The abdominal circumference should not include
The kidneys
A normal cervix in pregnancy should measure at least ____ in length
3cm
The placenta of the macrosomic fetus can become significantly ______
Large
Predictors of discordance in the growth of twins include
Difference in abdominal circumference of 20 mm or greater
Difference in estimated fetal weight greater than 20%
Difference in femur length by 5 mm or greater
The presentation of a fetus lying perpendicular to the maternal sagittal access is in the _____ position
Transverse
For the normal biophysical profile and the amniotic fluid pocket should measure
At least 1 cm in two perpendicular planes
Poly-Oli sequence is also known as
Stuck twin syndrome
In fetal circulation, oxygenated blood enters the fetal abdomen by the umbilical vein and then it flows directly to the IVC via the _____
Ductus venosus
In fetal circulation, from the right ventricle, the blood courses from the pulmonary artery into the ______ and then through the ascending a order to provide oxygenated blood
Ductus arteriosis
The Cavum septum pellucidi is observed anterior to the
Thalamus
The structure located between the two lobes of the cerebellum
Cerebellar vermis
The measurement obtained between the lateral walls of the Orbits is referred to as
Binocular diameter
The fetal kidneys are most commonly located
Adjacent to the fetal spine
One of the growth problems seen in the fetus of a diabetic mother
Macrosomia
Term used for a monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one fetus develops without a heart or upper body
Acardiac anomaly
The FL:AC ratio is or isn’t a good positive predictive value of IUGR
Is not
Twins that arise from two separately fertilized ova
Dizygotic
The profile view of the fetal face is important to examine to rule out
Frontal bossing
micrognathia
Cephalocele
IUGR Is most commonly defined as an estimated fetal weight under _____ for a given gestational age
At or below the 10th percentile
macrosomia is defined as an estimated fetal weight(EFW) or birth weight of the above _______
The 90th percentile for gestational age
The single most useful biometric parameter to assess fetal growth:
AC
Aqueductal stenosis will lead to a build up of CSF in
Lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle
Measurement of the BPD is taken from the ______edge to the ______
Outer edge to inner edge
Asymmetric IUGR is usually caused by
Placental insufficiency
Beyond 30 weeks of gestation, a renal pelvis is considered abnormal when measuring greater than
10mm
The measurement that should be carefully scrutinized in cases of IUGR
AC
And S/D ratio of the umbilical artery can be used to evaluate fetal well-being when?
After 30 weeks
The BPD is the measurement of the fetal head at the level of the
Thalamus and CSP
BPP scoring is conducted for:
30 minutes
An abnormally small chin is termed:
Micrognathia
The fourth ventricle is located _____ to the cerebellar vermis
Anterior
Group of conditions in which hydrops is present in the fetus but isn’t a result of fetal maternal blood group incompatibility
Nonimmune hydrops
Sonographic findings of fetal hydrops in a isoimmunized pregnancy includes:
- pleural effusion
- polyhydramnios
- pericardial effusion
- thickening placenta
The 3rd ventricle is located:
Between the two lobes of the thalamus
Premature labor is defined as the onset of labor before ___ weeks
37 weeks
An increased incidence of morbidity and mortality as the result of head and shoulder injuries is found in:
Macrosomic fetus
Macroglossia is commonly found with
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome
The normal atrium of the lateral ventricle should measure less than ___
10mm
Organ most severely affected by IUGR
Liver
Fetal anatomy may be assessed accurately after
18 weeks
Twins having 2 placentas and one amniotic sac are referred to as:
This doesn’t occur
Overlapping skull bones
Spalding sign
Located on both sides of the midline (brain)
Lateral ventricles
Is nonimmune hydrops associated with Rh isoimmunization?
No
The thickness of the Nuchal fold in the second trimester should not exceed
6mm
Especially in the 3rd trimester, a fetus in the breech position may demonstrate a cranium shape of:
Dolichocephalic
Fetal presentation is determined by identifying the fetal part that is closest to the:
Internal os of cervix
When fetal death occurs after the fetus has reached a certain size that is too large to resorb into the uterus, it appears as what?
Fetus papyraceous or paper doll syndrome
The plane used for a HC should include
Thalamus and CSP
If division of one fertilized egg occurs 4-8 days after fertilization:
One chorion and two amnions
Which drug is given to the Rh-negative mother to protect against isoimmunization
RhoGAM
You are scanning a twin gestation and one twin has fetal hydrops while the other is small for gestational age. What condition should be expected?
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome
Maternal obesity has been associated with an increased incidence of which anomaly
Neural tube defects
What measurement incorporates several fetal growth parameters such as BPD, HC, AC, and FL
Estimated fetal weight
A condition in which the fetus is not growing at normal rates is:
IUGR
An unusual protuberance of the tongue is:
Macroglossia
Caudal regression syndrome is most commonly found in patients with
Diabetes
Systemic IUGR is usually the result of
Fist trimester insult
Conjoined twins that are joined at the abdomen
Omphalopagus
Assess of the fetus to determine fetal well-being, including cardiac non-stress test, fetal breathing, gross body movement, fetal tone, and amniotic fluid volume:
BPP
Dilation of the entire ventricular system, including the 4th ventricle, is associated with:
Spinal defects
All long bones should be measured if the difference between the femur length and all other biometric parameters is:
2 weeks or greater
Most useful biometric measurement to use as a growth parameter
AC
Doppler assessment of the middle-cerebral artery(MCA) can:
Evaluate the fetus for hypoxia
Significant maternal risk factors for IUGR include all except:
A) tobacco use
B) significant placental hemorrhage
C) severe hypotension
Severe hypotension
Fetal liver: the right lobe is _____ than the left lobe
Smaller
Hypertensive pregnancies may be associated with:
Small placentas
Twins that have the threat of being conjoined:
Monochorionic and monoamniotic
Normally, the apex of the heart is toward the ____
Left
Pregnancy complication that is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema
Preeclampsia
Diamniotic and dichorionic twins have how many gestational sacs and placentas?
2 of both
In fetuses with asymmetric IUGR, vascular resistance:
Increases in umbilical artery and aorta, and decreases is the MCA
The development of conjoined twins occurs when the division of the egg occurs after ____
13 days
Because of the low-density brain tissue, the texture of the brain may appear:
Hypoechoic
Secondary to pregnancy induced hypertension, the occurence of a coma or seizures in the 2/3 trimesters
Eclampsia
Femur length measurement only includes:
Femoral diaphysis from end to end
Cord entanglement is most often seen in
Mono/mono pregnancies
Most frequent cause of nonimmune hydrops
Cardiovascular lesions
Clinical observations for IUGR include:
Grade 3 placenta before 36 weeks
Decreased motion
Decreased placental thickness
Two widest transverse diameter of the skull and the proper level to measure to BPD includes what structure:
Thalamus
Fetal measurement that is just about as accurate as the BPD in determining gestational age
FL
