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OB-Hagen > chapter 36 congenital heart disease > Flashcards

chapter 36 congenital heart disease Flashcards

1
Q

most common single heart abnormality

A

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

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2
Q

acronym that will help sonographic detection of congenital heart disease:

A

CHRISTMAS

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3
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: C—

A

C–concordance and contractility

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4
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: H–

A

H—hydrops

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5
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: R—

A

R–risk factors & rhythm

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6
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: I—

A

Incorrect size(LGA or SGA)

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7
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: S–

A

S—symmetry

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8
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: T–

A

T–tetralogy of Fallot

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9
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: M

A

M–masses and mobility

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10
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: A–

A

A–aneuploidy

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11
Q

CHRISTMAS acronym: S—

A

Situs

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12
Q

congenital heart disease often occurs with chromosomal abnormalities, mostly:

A

trisomy 21

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13
Q

cardiac abnormalities more likely to be associated with chromosomal defects:

A

hypoplastic LEFT heart

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14
Q

malrformations of the ____ side of the heart are rarely associated with karyotypic abnormalities

A

right

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15
Q

mother who had child with a left heart abnormality has a higher risk of delievering another child with a form of:

A

left heart disease

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16
Q

most common severe congenital abnormality

A

congenital heart disease

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17
Q

heart is in the right side of the chest with the apex pointing to the right:

A

dextrocardia

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18
Q

heart is in the right side of the chest with the apex pointing medially or to the left

A

dextroposition

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19
Q

heart is displaced further toward the left chest:

A

levoposition

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20
Q

levoposition is usually associated with:

A

diaphragmatic hernia

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21
Q

cardiac apex is pointing toward the middle of the chest

A

mesocardia

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22
Q

normal position of the heart in the left chest

A

levocardia

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23
Q

disease of the myocardial tissue in the heart

A

cardiomyopathy

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24
Q

characterized by necrosis and destruction of myocardial cells and inflammatory infiltrate

A

myocarditis

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25
Q

prognosis of myocarditis

A

poor

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26
Q

pericardial effusion, separation of greater than ____mm

A

2mm

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27
Q

pericardial effusion may be associated with

A

hydrops

28
Q

normal hypoechoic area in the perpheral part of the epicardial/pericardial interface should be ___ or less

A

2mm

29
Q

3 types of septal defects:

A
  1. Atrial
  2. Ventricular
  3. Atrioventricular
30
Q

septal defect: creates a communication between the right a left atrium

A

atrial septal defect

31
Q

septal defect that is the most common yet most difficult to see

A

Osteum Secundum(atrial septal defect)

32
Q

3 Forms of atrial septal defect:

A
  1. Osteum secundum(most common)
  2. Osteum primum
  3. Sinus venosus
33
Q

least common atrial septal defect:

A

sinus venosus

34
Q

atrial septations are not always recognized in utero because:

A

foramen ovale is a normal opening that may hide an abnormal septation

35
Q

most common congenital lesion of the heart

A

Ventricular Septal defect

36
Q

Atrioventricular septal defect is also known as

A

Endocardial cushion defect

37
Q

atrioventricular septal defect has an increased incidence in people with:

A

down syndrome

38
Q

atrioventricular septal defect results in a defect in the:

A

crux

39
Q

interruption of growth of the tricuspid leaflets:

A

tricuspid atresia

40
Q

abnormal displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve toward the apex of right ventral(low insertion)

A

Ebstein’s anomaly

41
Q

with Ebstein’s anomaly, the ______ is usually massively dilated

A

right atrium

42
Q

right heart is underdeveloped due to obstruction of RVOT secondary to pulmonary stenosis:

A

Hypoplastic Right Heart

43
Q

Small hypertrophied left ventricle with aortic &/or mitral atresia

A

Hypoplastic Left Heart

44
Q

hypoplastic left heart is autosomal ______

A

recessive

45
Q

most common form of cyonotic heart disease in infants and children

A

tetralogy of fallot

46
Q

tetrallogy of fallot consists of 4 abnormalities:

A
  1. Ventricular Septal Defect(VSD)
  2. Over-riding aorta
  3. Pulmonary stenosis
  4. Right ventricular hypertrophy
47
Q

Large septal defect with mild to moderate pulmonary stenosis

A

acyanotic disease

48
Q

large septal defect with severe pulmonary stenosis

A

cyanotic disease

49
Q

“Blue baby”

A

cyanotic disease–tetralogy of fallot

50
Q

if aorta overrides over 50%(tetralogy of fallot) it is called:

A

double-outlet right ventricle

51
Q

Most common form of RVOT obstruction

A

pulmonary valve stenosis

52
Q

Aorta is abnormally connected to the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery is abnormally connected to the left ventricle

A

Transpotition of the Great Arteries(IGA)

53
Q

heart lesion which only 1 great artery arises from the base of the heart

A

Truncus Arteriosus

54
Q

Shelf-like lesion in the isthmus of the arch/narrowing or kink in the aorta

A

Coarctation of the Aorta

55
Q

most common cardiac tumor

A

Rhabdomyoma

56
Q

second most common cardiac tumor

A

teratoma

57
Q

cardiac tumor that is associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

rhabdomyoma

58
Q

Rhabdomyoma is best seen in the ____ view

A

4 chamber heart view

59
Q

2 atriums, 1 ventricle that receives both mitral and tricuspid valves

A

single ventricle anomaly

60
Q

abnormal development of the heart outside the chest

A

ectopia cordis

61
Q

results from an immature heart. Atrium and ventricle may both experience extrasystoles and ectopic beats

A

Premature Atrial & Ventricular Contractions

62
Q

Premature Atrial & Ventricular Contractions are also called:

A

PAC’s and PVC’s

63
Q

An echogenic structure in heart that is bright as bone

A

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus(EIF)

64
Q

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus(EIF) is seen in the _____ of the heart

A

left ventricle

65
Q

Echogenic Intracardiac Focus may be linked to

A

trisomy 21

66
Q

the moderator band is always in the ____ ventricle

A

right

OB-Hagen (17 decks)

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