Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OB-Hagen > chapter 63 fetal abdomen > Flashcards

chapter 63 fetal abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

fetal organs are well formed by the ___

A

2nd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

forms when intestines return normally to abdominal cavity & herniate either prenatally or postnatally through an inadequately closed umbilicus

A

umbilical hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how does a hernia differ from omphalocele?

A

hernia is covered by subcutaneous tissue & skin, omphalocele is only covered by subcutaneous tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

most common malformation of the midgut

A

meckel’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

usually a small finger-like sac about 5cm long, projects from the border of the ileum

A

meckel’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

remnant of the proximal part of the yolk sac that fails to degenerate and disappear during the early fetal period

A

meckel’s diverticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

most fetuses older than ____ should have fluid in their stomach

A

16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

if fluid is not seen in the stomach, the stomach should be reevaluated in ______

A

20-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

if an echogenic mass is seen in the fetal stomach, in a patient with clinical or sonographic evidence of an abruption, this could possibly be:

A

a hematoma associated with intraamniotic hemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

normal esophagus can be visualized in the thorax during the :

A

2nd and 3rd trimesters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

visualization of the umbilical cord site must be made to rule out:

A
  • omphalocele
  • gastroschisis
  • hernia
  • mass formation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

after birth the umbilical vein collapses and forms the _____

A

ligamentum teres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

because the fetus is capable of swallowing sufficient amounts of amniotic fluid in the 1st trimester, the stomach may be visualized by approximately ____

A

11-weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

meconium begins to accumulate in the distal part of the small intestine after ____

A

15-16 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

distinction of large bowel from small bowel is possible after ____

A

20 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

small bowel is slightly ______ compared to the liver

A

hyperechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

after _____, normal peristalsis is increasingly observed

A

27 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

colon can be identified at the:

A

end of the 2nd trimester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

colon appears:

A

long, tubular, hypoechoic structure with well-defined walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

colon does/doesn’t have peristalsis like small bowel:

A

doesn’t

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

after 14 weeks, meconium appears ____ compared to fetal liver

A

hypoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Meconium ____ in echogenicity closer to term

A

increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

liver ____ in fetuses with Rh-isoimmunization

A

enlarges due to increased production of blood(hematopoiesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sonographically, most liver tumors appear

A

solid and hypoechoic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

about ___% of benign and malignant liver tumors are calcified

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

reversal of thoracic and abdominal organs

A

situs inversus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

prognosis in patients with total situs inversus

A

good/normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

prognosis of patients with partial situs inversus

A

high mortality rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

partial situs inversus is diveded into:

A

Aspenia

Polysplenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

partial situs inversus: Asplenia:

A
  • absent spleen
  • stomach and galbladder are more midline
  • liver is more central
  • abnormal positioning of aorta/IVC on same side
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

partial situs inversus: Asplenia mortality rate:

A

95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

partial situs inversus: Polysplenia:

A
  • absent gallbladder
  • interuption of IVC
  • more than one spleen, located along greater curvature of stomach(right side)
33
Q

partial situs inversus: Polysplenia mortality rate:

A

80%

34
Q

cardiac malformations occur ____% in asplenia

A

99%

35
Q

cardiac malformations occur ____% in polysplenia

A

90%

36
Q

true ascites is seen within the ____ and in the spaces between _____

A

peritoneal recesses

small bowel loops

37
Q

true ascites outlines the ___

A

falciform ligament

38
Q

sonolucent band near the fetal anterior abdominal wall, is commonly seen in routine OB exams over 18 weeks

A

psuedoascites

39
Q

pseudoascites never outlines the ____

A

falciform ligament

40
Q

agenesis of the gallbladder occurs in approximately ___% of patients with biliary atresisa

A

20%

41
Q

spleen may _____ in fetuses with Rh-isoimmunization

A

enlarge

42
Q

GI malformations are important to detect before birth to help prevent:

A
  • dehydration
  • bowel necrosis
  • respiratory difficulties
43
Q

develops when portion of bowel grows, infarcts, and then doesn’t develop completely(GI)

A

atresia

44
Q

bowel loops above the atresia ____

A

enlarge

45
Q

bowel loops below the atresia ____

A

narrow

46
Q

atresia results in

A

hydramnios

47
Q

congenital blockage of the espophagus

A

esophageal atresia

48
Q

results from faulty separation of the foregut into its respiratory & digestive components

A

esophageal atresia

49
Q

esophageal atresia most commonly occurs with ____

A

fistula/tracheoesophageal fistula

50
Q

combination of ____ and _____ over repeated exams suggest esophageal atresia

A

polyhydramnios and absent stomach

51
Q

most common anomaly seen with esophageal atresia:

A

anorectal atresia

52
Q

blockage of duodenal lumen by a membrane:

A

duodenal atresia

53
Q

amniotic fluid fails to move past the obstruction in the duodenum and backs up into the duodenum and stomach. This creates the ____ sign

A

double-bubble sign

54
Q

duodenal atresia often exists with _____ pancreas

A

annular pancreas

55
Q

which trisomy is associated with duodenal atresia?

A

trisomy 21

56
Q

AFP is _____ due to faulty swallowing in duodenal atresia

A

elevated

57
Q

double-bubble sign most commonly results from:

A

duodenal atresia

58
Q

atresia of the ____ or _____, or both, is slightly more common than duodenal atresia

A

jejunum or ileum

59
Q

atresia of the jejunum/ileum is most often caused by

A

vascular accident

60
Q

blockage of the jejunum and ileum appears as:

A

multiple cystic structures proximal to the cite of atresia

61
Q

the more distal the obstruction(bowel) the ___ severe the hydramnios

A

less

62
Q

the dilated bowel loops can be isolated, or associated with other anomalies:

A
  • ascites

- meconium peritonitis

63
Q

this is the earliest manifestation of cystic fibrosis

A

meconium ileus

64
Q

presence of thick overproduced meconium in the distal ileum

A

meconium ileus

65
Q

meconium ileus sonographically appears:

A

tiny echogenic reflections in the peristalsic small bowel

66
Q

other conditions, besides meconium ileus, that are associated with echogenic bowel

A
  • cytomegalovirus

- trisomy 21

67
Q

complex disorder of the bowel and genitourinary tract. imperforate anus is found with this

A

anorectal atresia

68
Q

occurs when a membrane covers the anus, preventing expulsion of meconium

A

imperforate anus–anorectal atresia

69
Q

hirschsprung’s disease AKA:

A

megacolon

70
Q

abnormal innervation of large intestines

A

hirschsprung’s disease/megacolon

71
Q

sonographic appearance of hirschsprung’s disease(megacolon)

A
  • dilated bowel loops

- difficult to diagnose prenatally

72
Q

arises when fetus has sterile chemical peritonitis secondary to in-utero bowel perforation

A

Meconium peritonitus

73
Q

sonographic appearance of meconium peritonitis:

A
  • calcifications on peritoneal surfaces or in scrotum
  • may cause psuedocyts
  • ascites fluid may be echogenic
74
Q

with hyperechoic bowel, bowel is compared to the brightness of ____

A

bone

75
Q

hyperechoic bowel is usually seen in the ____ trimester

A

2nd trimester

76
Q

true ascites is always ___

A

abnormal

77
Q

fluid collects between 2 leaves of unfused omentum, results in cystic appearance in abdomen:

A

ascites

78
Q

ascites prognosis with non-immune hydrops:

A

poor

79
Q

cystic masses of the abdomen can result in compression of other organs, creating:

A
  • hydronephrosis
  • hydroureter
  • fetal hydrops

OB-Hagen (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions