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OB-Hagen > Chapter 59 Fetal Face/neck > Flashcards

Chapter 59 Fetal Face/neck Flashcards

1
Q

Many facial & neck anomalies are caused by _____

A

Maternal drug use

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2
Q

Features of the fetal face can be identified at the ____

A

End of 1st trimester

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3
Q

View best to image cleft lip and palate:

A

Modified coronal

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4
Q

Maxilla & orbits are best imaged in the _____ plane

A

True coronal

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5
Q

The lens of the eye is seen as a ___

A

Small echogenic circle within the orbit

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6
Q

View that demonstrates the nasal bones, soft tissue, and mandible:

A

Longitudinal

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7
Q

Longitudinal view demonstrating the nasal bones soft tissue and mandible is useful to rule out:

A

Micrognathia, anterior encephalocele, nasal bridge defects, examine upper lip

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8
Q

View that shows orbital abnormalities and intraorbital distances:

A

Transverse

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9
Q

Transverse view showing orbital abnormalities an intraorbital distances is useful to evaluate:

A

Maxilla, mandible, tongue

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10
Q

Protrusion of brain from cranial cavity

A

Cephalocele

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11
Q

Anterior cephaloceles may cause

A

Hypertelorism(eyes fat apart)

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12
Q

AKA Kleeblattschadel

A

Clover-lead skull

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13
Q

Clover leaf skull is associated with ______ and _____

A

Skeletal dysplasia and ventriculomegally

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14
Q

May cause forehead to have elongated appearance in sagittal plane & triangular shape in axial plane

A

Trigonocephaly

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15
Q

Frontal bossing may be observed in fetus with:

A

lemon-shaped skull or skeletal dysplasias

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16
Q

Premature closure of any or all six cranial sutures

A

Craniosynostosis

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17
Q

Midface hypoplasia will have a depressed or absent ____

A

Nasal bridge

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18
Q

Midface hypoplasia may be seen in fetuses with chromosome anomaly

A

Trisomy 21

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19
Q

Flat face defect is more easily noted with

A

Coexisting frontal bossing

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20
Q

A median cleft face syndrome consisting of a range of midline facial defects involving the eyes forehead and nose

A

Frontal dysplasia

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21
Q

Primary ultrasound finding in frontal dysplasia

A

Hypertelorism

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22
Q

Cause of frontal dysplasia

A

Unknown, occurrence is sporadic

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23
Q

Fetal criteria for NT

A

Between 11-13 weeks and 6 days

CRL of 45-84mm

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24
Q

A NT measurement of ___ is abnormal

A

> 3mm

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25
Q

Tumors such as ______ or _______ may disrupt the facial contour in the sagittal plane

A

Epignathus(tumor in mouth)

Teratoma

26
Q

Macroglossia is found in pts with ____

A

Beckwith-Weidemann syndrome

27
Q

Tongue protrusion may suggest

A

Macroglossia

28
Q

When small chin is observed, ___ should be suspected

A

Micrognathia

29
Q

Micrognathia may be so severe that _____ occurs because of the inability for the fetus to swallow

A

Polyhydramnios

30
Q

May be observed in Goldenhar’s syndrome with anophthalmia(absent eye), hemifacial microsomia(one side of face is small).

A

Ear malformations

31
Q

Rare anomaly where absence of the mandible causes ears to form close together anteriorly & toward the neck

A

Otocephaly

32
Q

Decreases distance between orbits

A

Hypotelorism

33
Q

Hypotelorism is most commonly associated with

A

Holoprosencephaly

34
Q

Increased distance between orbits

A

Hypertelorism

35
Q

______ may widen the space between the eyes

A

Frontal cephaloceles

36
Q

Obvious hypotelorism will be seen in _____ and _____

A

Ethmocephaly & cebocephaly

37
Q

Most common congenital anomaly of the face

A

Cleft lip

38
Q

Occurs because of failure to fuse primary and secondary plate

A

Cleft lip

39
Q

Occurs when lateral palatine processes fail to fuse in midline

A

Cleft palate

40
Q

When cleft lip is unilateral, it most commonly originated on the ____ side of the face

A

Left

41
Q

If cleft lip is bilateral, _____ of fetus’ will also have cleft palate

A

85%

42
Q

If cleft lip is unilateral, _____ of fetus’ will also have cleft palate

A

70%

43
Q

Teratoma located in the oropharynx

A

Epignathus

44
Q

Epignathus: swallowing may be impaired, resulting in _____

A

Polyhydramnios

45
Q

Small ____ may be present with epignathus

A

Small stomach

46
Q

Most common neck mass

A

Cystic hygroma

47
Q

Abnormality commonly associated with cystic hygroma

A

Turners syndrome

48
Q

A goiter observed prenatally suggest that the mother may have

A

Thyroid disease

49
Q

Cystic hygroma is a malformation of the ______

A

Lymphatic system

50
Q

Failure of lymphatic system to properly connect with the venous system results in ______

A

distention of the jugular lymph sac

Accumulation of lymph in fetal tissue

51
Q

_____% of hygromas involve the neck

A

70%

52
Q

Cystic hygromas usually arise from the _____ aspect of the neck bilaterally

A

Posterior

53
Q

_____% of cystic hygromas are associated with chromosomal abnormalities

A

50%

54
Q

Cystic hygroma with _____ has a 100% mortality rate

A

Fetal hydrops

55
Q

Usually appears as a symmetrical, solid, and homogeneous mass, arising from the anterior fetal neck and region of the fetal thyroid gland

A

Fetal goiter

56
Q

With a large goiter, _____ may be obstructed and fetal neck may be ______

A

Esophagus

Hyperextended

57
Q

Fetal goiter obstructing the esophagus may result in

A

Hydramnios and a small/absent stomach

58
Q

Teratoma’s are usually ____ & ______

A

Unilateral and anterior

59
Q

Teratoma can cause ____ of the neck

A

Hyperextension

60
Q

_____ can help differentiate a mass from an atypical hygroma

A

Color Doppler

61
Q

Color Doppler helps differentiate a mass/teratoma from an atypical hygroma because:

A

A teratoma will have blood flow while a cystic hygroma won’t

OB-Hagen (17 decks)

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