chapter 35 fetal echocardiography

Question 1

bulbus cordis develops into the

Answer 1

right ventricle

Question 2

the left atrium is formed by the incorporation of the

Answer 2

primitive pulmonary vein

Question 3

4 pulmonary veins enter the ______ from the lungs

Answer 3

left atrium

Question 4

the ____ horn of the sinus becomes the coronary sinus

Answer 4

left

Question 5

the right horn of the sinus is incorporated into the wall of the _____

Answer 5

right atrium

Question 6

division of the 4 chambers occurs during the _____ weeks of fetal development

Answer 6

4th and 5th weeks

Question 7

endocardial cushions develop in the _______ region of the heart

Answer 7

atrioventricular

Question 8

the _______ divide the atrioventricular canal into right and left

Answer 8

endocardial cushions

Question 9

the _____ is an opening between the free edge of the septum secundum and the dorsal wall of the atrium

Answer 9

foramen ovale

Question 10

the left ventricle is formed from the _____

Answer 10

primitive vein

Question 11

allows communication from the right atrium to the left atrium:

Answer 11

foramen ovale

Question 12

allows fetal circulation to bypass the lungs

Answer 12

ductus arteriosis

Question 13

ductus arteriosis communicates from the ______ to the ______

Answer 13

pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta

Question 14

allows fetal circulation to bypass the liver

Answer 14

ductus venosus

Question 15

flow passes from the _______ through the ductus venosus to the _______ and then to the right atrium

Answer 15

umbilical vein—ductus venosus—–IVC—-right atrium

Question 16

What causes the foramen ovale to close?

Answer 16

As lungs expand with air, the pulmonary blood flow increases and causes pressure in the left atrium to be higher than in the right atrium. Thus closing the foramen ovale.

Question 17

As fetal lungs expand with air, there is a _____ in pulmonary resistance

Answer 17

fall

Question 18

As fetal lungs expand with air, the pulmonary blood flow increases and causes the pulmonary artery wall to _____

Answer 18

thin

Question 19

foramen ovale that does not close after birth

Answer 19

patent foramen ovale

Question 20

ductus arteriosis usually constricts ______ after birth

Answer 20

24-48 hours

Question 21

ductus arteriosus turns into the ______

Answer 21

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 22

normal fetal heart rate:

Answer 22

120-160 bpm

Question 23

fetal bradycardia:

Answer 23

<100bpm

Question 24

fetal tachycardia:

Answer 24

> 200bpm

Question 25

the most commonly acquired view of the fetal heart

Answer 25

4 chamber view

Question 26

moderator band can be used to locate the ____

Answer 26

right ventricle

Question 27

moderator band is always in the:

Answer 27

right ventricle

Question 28

the _____ is closest to the spine

Answer 28

left atrium

Question 29

In utero, the ____ side of the heart is slightly larger than the ____ side

Answer 29

right side is larger than left

Question 30

the ____ is the most anterior chamber

Answer 30

right ventricle

Question 31

in utero, the foramen ovale opens toward the ____

Answer 31

left atrium

Question 32

in utero, the pressure in the ______ atrium is greater than the pressure in the ______ atrium

Answer 32

right atrium pressure is greater than left

Question 33

tricuspid valve is slightly ______ to the mitral valve

Answer 33

inferior

Question 34

junction of the interatrial and intraventricular septa, AV valves, and the 4 chambers:

Answer 34

crux of the heart

Question 35

view that allows aortic flow to be recorded leaving the left ventricle:

Answer 35

five chamber view

Question 36

This view allows visualization of the normal relationship of the great arteries to one another:

Answer 36

criss-cross view

Question 37

the great arteries are:

Answer 37

pulmonary and aorta

Question 38

pulmonary artery is normally ______ and _____ of the aorta

Answer 38

anterior and to the left

Question 39

The best view to evaluate for a septal defect:

Answer 39

LVOT(long-axis view)

Question 40

in LVOT, the origin of the aorta is identified arising from the ____

Answer 40

left ventricle

Question 41

To get a short-axis view(RVOT), rotate the transducer _____ degrees in a ____ direction from the long axis view

Answer 41

90 degrees, cephalic direction

Question 42

in the RVOT view, you can visualize the bifurcation of the ________ in to the right and left pulmonary arteries

Answer 42

main pulmonary artery

Question 43

normally the RVOT and PA drape _____ to the circular aorta

Answer 43

anterior

Question 44

Oblique longitudinal axis visualizes:

Answer 44

- Root of aorta - ascending aorta - arch of aorta - descending aorta

Question 45

The three head and neck branch arteries the arise from the curve of the aortic arch:

Answer 45

- innominate/brachiocephalic - left common carotid - left subclavian

Question 46

Aortic arch has a _____ appearance

Answer 46

candy-cane

Question 47

ductus arch is slightly _____ than the aortic arch

Answer 47

larger

Question 48

ductus arch represents the:

Answer 48

patent ductus arteriorus

Question 49

ductal arch has a ____ appearance

Answer 49

hockey-stick

Question 50

the ductal walls "does/doesn't" have head and neck vessels

Answer 50

doesn't