chapter 35 fetal echocardiography Flashcards
bulbus cordis develops into the
right ventricle
the left atrium is formed by the incorporation of the
primitive pulmonary vein
4 pulmonary veins enter the ______ from the lungs
left atrium
the ____ horn of the sinus becomes the coronary sinus
left
the right horn of the sinus is incorporated into the wall of the _____
right atrium
division of the 4 chambers occurs during the _____ weeks of fetal development
4th and 5th weeks
endocardial cushions develop in the _______ region of the heart
atrioventricular
the _______ divide the atrioventricular canal into right and left
endocardial cushions
the _____ is an opening between the free edge of the septum secundum and the dorsal wall of the atrium
foramen ovale
the left ventricle is formed from the _____
primitive vein
allows communication from the right atrium to the left atrium:
foramen ovale
allows fetal circulation to bypass the lungs
ductus arteriosis
ductus arteriosis communicates from the ______ to the ______
pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta
allows fetal circulation to bypass the liver
ductus venosus
flow passes from the _______ through the ductus venosus to the _______ and then to the right atrium
umbilical vein—ductus venosus—–IVC—-right atrium
What causes the foramen ovale to close?
As lungs expand with air, the pulmonary blood flow increases and causes pressure in the left atrium to be higher than in the right atrium. Thus closing the foramen ovale.
As fetal lungs expand with air, there is a _____ in pulmonary resistance
fall
As fetal lungs expand with air, the pulmonary blood flow increases and causes the pulmonary artery wall to _____
thin
foramen ovale that does not close after birth
patent foramen ovale
ductus arteriosis usually constricts ______ after birth
24-48 hours
ductus arteriosus turns into the ______
ligamentum arteriosum
normal fetal heart rate:
120-160 bpm
fetal bradycardia:
<100bpm
fetal tachycardia:
> 200bpm
the most commonly acquired view of the fetal heart
4 chamber view
moderator band can be used to locate the ____
right ventricle
moderator band is always in the:
right ventricle
the _____ is closest to the spine
left atrium
In utero, the ____ side of the heart is slightly larger than the ____ side
right side is larger than left
the ____ is the most anterior chamber
right ventricle
in utero, the foramen ovale opens toward the ____
left atrium
in utero, the pressure in the ______ atrium is greater than the pressure in the ______ atrium
right atrium pressure is greater than left
tricuspid valve is slightly ______ to the mitral valve
inferior
junction of the interatrial and intraventricular septa, AV valves, and the 4 chambers:
crux of the heart
view that allows aortic flow to be recorded leaving the left ventricle:
five chamber view
This view allows visualization of the normal relationship of the great arteries to one another:
criss-cross view
the great arteries are:
pulmonary and aorta
pulmonary artery is normally ______ and _____ of the aorta
anterior and to the left
The best view to evaluate for a septal defect:
LVOT(long-axis view)
in LVOT, the origin of the aorta is identified arising from the ____
left ventricle
To get a short-axis view(RVOT), rotate the transducer _____ degrees in a ____ direction from the long axis view
90 degrees, cephalic direction
in the RVOT view, you can visualize the bifurcation of the ________ in to the right and left pulmonary arteries
main pulmonary artery
normally the RVOT and PA drape _____ to the circular aorta
anterior
Oblique longitudinal axis visualizes:
- Root of aorta
- ascending aorta
- arch of aorta
- descending aorta
The three head and neck branch arteries the arise from the curve of the aortic arch:
- innominate/brachiocephalic
- left common carotid
- left subclavian
Aortic arch has a _____ appearance
candy-cane
ductus arch is slightly _____ than the aortic arch
larger
ductus arch represents the:
patent ductus arteriorus
ductal arch has a ____ appearance
hockey-stick
the ductal walls “does/doesn’t” have head and neck vessels
doesn’t
