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PHRM822 > Final Medication List Counseling Tips and Important Info > Flashcards

Final Medication List Counseling Tips and Important Info Flashcards

1
Q

doxycycline (monohydrate or hyclate)

A

-sun-sensitivity
-take with food to prevent upset stomach
-do not take food, vitamins, or medications containing Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ within 2 hours before or after doxycycline
-may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use additional form of birth control during and 1 week after last dose

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2
Q

amoxicillin

A

-may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use additional form of birth control during and 1 week after last dose
-contraindicated if penicillin allergy

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3
Q

cephalexin

A

-do not take vitamins or medications containing Zn2+ for at least 3 hours after cephalexin
-contraindicated if cephalosporin allergy
-caution if penicillin allergy

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4
Q

azithromycin

A

-do not take with Al2+ or Mg2+ containing antacids
-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-contraindicated if macrolide allergy

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5
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-do not take food or medications containing Ca2+ or Fe2+ within 2 hours before or after ciprofloxacin
-sun-sensitivity
-may increase caffeine sensitivty
-contraindicated if fluoroquinolone allergy

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6
Q

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)

A

-sun-sensitivity
-take with at least 8 oz of water
-contraindicated if sulfa allergy

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7
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

-orange or brown urine is expected
-do not take food or medications containing Mg2+ within 2 hours before or after nitrofurantoin
-take with food/milk to increase absorption

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8
Q

metronidazole

A

-contraindicated with alcohol during therapy and 3 days after last dose
-metallic taste in mouth
-headache

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9
Q

fluconazole

A

-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-report new skin rash to prescriber

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10
Q

valacyclovir

A

-headache
-does not prevent disease transmission (avoid sex when sores are present)
-drink lots of fluids to prevent accumulation in kidneys

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11
Q

general counseling tips for anti-infective therapy

A

-generally 5-14 days of therapy
-finish entire therapy even if you feel better
-if symptoms have not resolved, contact prescriber
-most effective when taken at regularly scheduled intervals
-upset stomach, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
-itching, rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing may indicate an allergic reaction (if so, discontinue and contact prescriber)

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12
Q

female contraception, anxiety, and muscle spasms

A

-water retention
-upset stomach/nausea
-headache
-if contraceptive not started on day 1 of menses, use additional non-drug form of contraception for first week of therapy
-take at same time each day for maximum effectiveness
-some anti-convulsants may decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and/or increase chance of seizures
-none of these medications protect against HIV/AIDS/STDs

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13
Q

non-FDA uses of female contraception

A

-regulation of menstrual cycle
-lessen menstrual flow
-reduce painful menses

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14
Q

missed doses of female contraception

A

take as soon as possible or with next day’s dose

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15
Q

products containing ethinyl estradiol

A

increased cardiovascular risk (not recommended for > 35 years old, smoker, or history of stroke/blood clots)

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16
Q

ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone

A

drospirenone lessens water retention/weight gain side effects of estrogen

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17
Q

ethinyl estradiol/norelgestromin

A

-same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common
-adhesive may cause skin rash/rotate sites
-do not cut patch
-apply to butt, upper torso, stomach, or upper arm

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18
Q

ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel

A

-if it falls out, rinse with cool water and reinsert within 3 hours
-do not remove for intercourse
-not contraceptive barrier

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19
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

-nervousness
-administration by healthcare professional
-do not use for more than 2 years due to potential bone loss
-spotting or absent menses

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20
Q

levonorgestrel (OTC)

A

-same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common
-fatigue
-no interaction with antibiotics
-will not terminate existing pregnancy

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21
Q

clonazepam

A

-drowsiness
-fatigue
-ataxia
-behavioral problems

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22
Q

alprazolam

A

-confusion
-drowsiness (excessive with alcohol)
-do not stop drug suddenly if taking routinely

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23
Q

cyclobenazprine

A

-dry mouth (xerostomia)
-dizziness
-drowsiness

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24
Q

loratadine (OTC)

A

headache

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25
Q

diphenhydramine (OTC)

A

-drowsiness (intensifies with alcohol)
-paradoxical hyperactivity in children
-dry mouth

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26
Q

fluticasone (OTC)

A

-gently shake before each use
-may take several days for full effect
-headache
-sore throat

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27
Q

montelukast

A

-do not use for acute asthma attack
-headache
-take dose in evening to enhance airway efficacy (airways are more relaxed)

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28
Q

albuterol sulfate

A

-shake well
-increased heart rate

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29
Q

budesonide and formoterol

A

-shake well
-rinse out mouth after each use to prevent oral thrush

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30
Q

bezonatate

A

-drowsiness
-do not chew (numbing and choking)

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31
Q

dextromethorphan (OTC)

A

-shake well
-potential for abuse (hallucinogen in high dose)

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32
Q

guaifenesin (OTC)

A

-drink lots of water to thin mucus
-nausea

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33
Q

pseudoephedrine (BTC)

A

-increased heart rate
-jitters
-insomnia

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34
Q

amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (CII)

A

-take in morning due to insomnia
-weight loss from decreased appetite
-increased heart rate
-dry mouth
-headache

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35
Q

methylphenidate (CII)

A

-take in morning due to insomnia
-weight loss from decreased appetite
-increased heart rate
-dry mouth
-headache

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36
Q

escitalopram

A

-headache
-insomnia or drowsiness
-sexual dysfunction

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37
Q

venlafaxine

A

-headache
-insomnia or drowsiness
-dry mouth
-take with food if upset stomach

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38
Q

fluoxetine

A

-sexual dysfunction
-anorexia
-diarrhea
-asthenia

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39
Q

duloxetine

A

-insomnia or drowsiness
-take with food if upset stomach

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40
Q

sertraline

A

-headache
-insomnia > drowsiness
-take with food if upset stomach
-sexual dysfunction

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41
Q

amitriptyline

A

-drowsiness
-weight gain
-constipation

42
Q

trazodone

A

-drowsiness
-take with food to increase absorption

43
Q

bupropion

A

-insomnia
-begin 1 week before patient intends to quit smoking

44
Q

antidepressants

A

-report signs/symptoms of worsening depression, behavior changes, and increase in suicidal thoughts to healthcare provider immediately
-may need to taper up/down when using high doses (do not adjust doses without consulting prescriber first)
-may take 2-6 weeks to see therapeutic effect
-avoid alcohol (intensifies side effects)

45
Q

aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (OTC)

A

-stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration)
-take with food/milk
-take with water
-do not give to children less than 18 years old due to risk of Reyes’ Syndrome
-ringing in ears with high dose

46
Q

ibuprofen (OTC), naproxen sodium (OTC), meloxicam

A

-stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration)
-take with food or milk
-avoid if history of heart problems

47
Q

methylprednisolone

A

-finish entire course
-take with food or milk to avoid stomach upset
-take earlier in day to avoid insomnia

48
Q

hydrocortisone (OTC)

A

localized burning

49
Q

acetaminophen (APAP) (OTC)

A

-APAP in many oTC and Rx combination products
-do not use for hangovers (liver toxicity)

50
Q

tramadol (CIV)

A

-constipation
-drowsiness
-dizziness

51
Q

hydrocodone/APAP (CII)

A

-stomach upset
-constipation
-drowsiness
-consider other APAP counseling tips

52
Q

oxycodone (CII)

A

-stomach upset
-constipation
-drowsiness
-do not rush or chew CR tablets

53
Q

olanzapine

A

-drowsiness
-weight gain
-increased blood sugar and/or cholesterol
-movement disorders
-decreased sex drive

54
Q

quetiapine

A

-drowsiness
-weight gain
-increased blood pressure and/or tachycardia
-increased appetite
-dizziness

55
Q

aripiprazole

A

-drowsiness or insomnia
-weight gain
-movement disorders

56
Q

topiramate

A

-dizziness/drowsiness
-numbness/tingling
-memory impairment
-weight loss (decreased appetite from nausea)

57
Q

pregabalin (CV)

A

-drowsiness/dizziness
-headache
-blurred vision
-weight gain

58
Q

gabapentin

A

-drowsiness/dizziness
-uncoordinated muscle movements

59
Q

lamotrigine

A

-drowsiness/dizziness
-uncoordinated muscle movements
-headache
-blurred/double vision

60
Q

divalproex sodium

A

-drowsiness/dizziness
-tremors
-muscle weakness
-upset stomach (take with food)

61
Q

zolpidem (CIV)

A

-take within 20 minutes of bedtime
-get > 8 hours of rest (may cause next day drowsiness)
-risk of abnormal sleep behaviors

62
Q

temazepam (CIV)

A

-take right before bed
-get > 8 hours of rest (may cause next day drowsiness)
-headache

63
Q

antipsychotic, anti-epileptic, hypnotic

A

-avoid alcohol (intensifies side effects)
-do not adjust doses or discontinue without consulting healthcare provider

64
Q

promethazine

A

-drowsiness
-dizziness
-avoid alcohol due to enhanced drowsiness
-sun-sensitivity

65
Q

ondansetron

A

-fatigue
-headache
-constipation or diarrhea

66
Q

omeprazole (OTC)

A

-works in 1 day, up to 4 days for full effect
-take > 1 hour before food
-separate from antacids by 2 hours

67
Q

famotidine (OTC)

A

-works in 1 hour, up to 1 day for full effect
-can be taken with antacids

68
Q

magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, simethicone (OTC)

A

-shake well
-works within minutes
-many drug-drug interactions
-constipation from aluminum
-diarrhea from magnesium and simethicone

69
Q

calcium carbonate (OTC)

A

-constipation
-chew before swallowing
-do not use > 2 weeks for indigestion

70
Q

docusate sodium (OTC)

A

-works in 1-3 days
-take with water
-diarrhea and cramps

71
Q

polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC)

A

-laxative works in 1-3 days
-do not take laxative longer than 1 week without doctor approval
-colonoscopy prep works in 1 hour
-diarrhea, cramps, bloating

72
Q

bisacodyl (OTC)

A

-oral dose works in 8 hours
-suppository works within 15-60 minutes
-do not take longer than 1 week without doctor approval
-diarrhea and cramps

73
Q

loperamide (OTC)

A

-drowsiness
-if diarrhea not improved in 2 days, call doctor (dehydration risk)

74
Q

omega-3 fatty acids

A

-burping and taste disturbances
-swallow whole; do not open
-refrigerate to reduce taste and smell

75
Q

fenofibrate

A

-increased liver enzymes
-discontinue if gallstones form
-photosensitivity

76
Q

atorvastatin and rosuvastatin

A

-increased liver enzymes
-report unusual muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, or dark urine
-avoid grapefruit juice
-contraindicated in pregnancy
-diarrhea

77
Q

ezetimibe

A

-increased liver enzymes
-diarrhea

78
Q

insulin lispro (rapid-acting) and insulin glargine (long-acting)

A

-low blood sugar
-refrigerate unopened vials
-discard after 28 days if at room temperature
-let syringe reach room temperature before injection (could be painful)
-rotate injection sites

79
Q

metformin

A

-diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain
-take with food
-titrate dose up weekly (reduces stomach upset and diarrhea)
-long-term use can cause vitamin B-12 deficiency

80
Q

dapagliflozin

A

-UTI
-increased urine output
-decreased blood pressure

81
Q

liraglutide

A

-low blood sugar
-rotate injection sites
-diarrhea
-nausea
-headache

82
Q

clopidogrel

A

-avoid NSAIDs unless instructed (bleeding risk)
-seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising
-avoid abrupt discontinuation

83
Q

warfarin

A

-same as clopidogrel
-keep dietary vitamin K and alcohol consumption consistent
-many drug interactions
-take missed dose ASAP, but do not double dose in same day

84
Q

rivaroxaban

A

-seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising
-gastroenteritis
-vomiting
-cough (pediatric patients)

85
Q

furosemide

A

-sun-sensitivity
-decreased electrolytes (Ca2+, K2+, Mg2+)
-dizziness upon standing
-avoid taking at bedtime (increases urination)

86
Q

spironolactone

A

-gynecomastia
-increased serum potassium
-diarrhea
-irregular menses

87
Q

hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

A

-sun-sensitivity
-dizziness upon standing
-avoid taking at bedtime (increases urination)

88
Q

lisinopril

A

-avoid during pregnancy
-dizziness
-dry cough
-headache
-increases serum potassium

89
Q

losartan

A

-avoid during pregnancy
-dizziness
-headache
-increases serum potassium

90
Q

amlodipine

A

-leg swelling
-headache

91
Q

metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate

A

-dizziness
-fatigue (goes away within 7 days)
-take with food (better absorption)
-lowers heart rate
-do not discontinue abruptly (increased cardiovascular risk)

92
Q

diuretics and antihypertensives

A

hypotension

93
Q

levothyroxine

A

-take with water at least 30 minutes before breakfast
-take same way everyday
-take > 4 hours from antacids and iron
-may take several weeks to see symptoms improve

94
Q

tamsulosin

A

-take 30 minutes after same meal each day
-orthostatic hypotension
-headache
-dizziness

95
Q

tolterodine

A

-constipation
-dry mouth
-headache

96
Q

donepezil

A

-nausea
-diarrhea
-risk of stomach bleed with NSAIDs
-prolonged QT interval

97
Q

alendronate

A

-take 30 minutes before breakfast
-ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake
-take with 8 oz of water and remain upright for 30 minutes
-report heartburn or bone pain to physician

98
Q

allopurinol

A

-report rash to prescriber
-nausea and/or diarrhea
-gout attacks may be more frequent in early therapy

99
Q

oseltamivir

A

-nausea/vomiting
-headache
-does not replace influenza vaccine
-must initiate within 48 hours of onset of symptoms

100
Q

ferrous sulfate (OTC)

A

-best absorbed on empty stomach (can take with food)
-separate 2 hours before or after other medications
-black stools
-constipation

101
Q

sumatriptan

A

-tingling and dizziness
-avoid if history of cardiovascular disease
-overuse (more than 10 days per month) may worsen or increase frequency of headaches

102
Q

tadalafil

A

-do not take more than once daily
-avoid alcohol due to risk of low blood pressure
-avoid grapefruit juice or lower dose/frequency of tadalafil use
-headache and flushing
-report sudden loss of hearing or vision and discontinue use

PHRM822 (16 decks)

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