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PHRM822 > Final Medication List Counseling Tips and Important Info > Flashcards

Final Medication List Counseling Tips and Important Info Flashcards

1
Q

doxycycline (monohydrate or hyclate)

A

-sun-sensitivity
-take with food to prevent upset stomach
-do not take food, vitamins, or medications containing Ca2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, or Zn2+ within 2 hours before or after doxycycline
-may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use additional form of birth control during and 1 week after last dose

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2
Q

amoxicillin

A

-may decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives; use additional form of birth control during and 1 week after last dose
-contraindicated if penicillin allergy

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3
Q

cephalexin

A

-do not take vitamins or medications containing Zn2+ for at least 3 hours after cephalexin
-contraindicated if cephalosporin allergy
-caution if penicillin allergy

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4
Q

azithromycin

A

-do not take with Al2+ or Mg2+ containing antacids
-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-contraindicated if macrolide allergy

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5
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-do not take food or medications containing Ca2+ or Fe2+ within 2 hours before or after ciprofloxacin
-sun-sensitivity
-may increase caffeine sensitivty
-contraindicated if fluoroquinolone allergy

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6
Q

sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)

A

-sun-sensitivity
-take with at least 8 oz of water
-contraindicated if sulfa allergy

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7
Q

nitrofurantoin

A

-orange or brown urine is expected
-do not take food or medications containing Mg2+ within 2 hours before or after nitrofurantoin
-take with food/milk to increase absorption

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8
Q

metronidazole

A

-contraindicated with alcohol during therapy and 3 days after last dose
-metallic taste in mouth
-headache

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9
Q

fluconazole

A

-QTc prolongation occurs rarely (possible interactions with different medications)
-report new skin rash to prescriber

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10
Q

valacyclovir

A

-headache
-does not prevent disease transmission (avoid sex when sores are present)
-drink lots of fluids to prevent accumulation in kidneys

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11
Q

general counseling tips for anti-infective therapy

A

-generally 5-14 days of therapy
-finish entire therapy even if you feel better
-if symptoms have not resolved, contact prescriber
-most effective when taken at regularly scheduled intervals
-upset stomach, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
-itching, rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing may indicate an allergic reaction (if so, discontinue and contact prescriber)

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12
Q

female contraception, anxiety, and muscle spasms

A

-water retention
-upset stomach/nausea
-headache
-if contraceptive not started on day 1 of menses, use additional non-drug form of contraception for first week of therapy
-take at same time each day for maximum effectiveness
-some anti-convulsants may decrease effectiveness of hormonal contraceptives and/or increase chance of seizures
-none of these medications protect against HIV/AIDS/STDs

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13
Q

non-FDA uses of female contraception

A

-regulation of menstrual cycle
-lessen menstrual flow
-reduce painful menses

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14
Q

missed doses of female contraception

A

take as soon as possible or with next day’s dose

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15
Q

products containing ethinyl estradiol

A

increased cardiovascular risk (not recommended for > 35 years old, smoker, or history of stroke/blood clots)

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16
Q

ethinyl estradiol/drospirenone

A

drospirenone lessens water retention/weight gain side effects of estrogen

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17
Q

ethinyl estradiol/norelgestromin

A

-same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common
-adhesive may cause skin rash/rotate sites
-do not cut patch
-apply to butt, upper torso, stomach, or upper arm

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18
Q

ethinyl estradiol/etonogestrel

A

-if it falls out, rinse with cool water and reinsert within 3 hours
-do not remove for intercourse
-not contraceptive barrier

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19
Q

medroxyprogesterone

A

-nervousness
-administration by healthcare professional
-do not use for more than 2 years due to potential bone loss
-spotting or absent menses

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20
Q

levonorgestrel (OTC)

A

-same side effects as oral contraceptives but more common
-fatigue
-no interaction with antibiotics
-will not terminate existing pregnancy

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21
Q

clonazepam

A

-drowsiness
-fatigue
-ataxia
-behavioral problems

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22
Q

alprazolam

A

-confusion
-drowsiness (excessive with alcohol)
-do not stop drug suddenly if taking routinely

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23
Q

cyclobenazprine

A

-dry mouth (xerostomia)
-dizziness
-drowsiness

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24
Q

loratadine (OTC)

A

headache

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25
diphenhydramine (OTC)
-drowsiness (intensifies with alcohol) -paradoxical hyperactivity in children -dry mouth
26
fluticasone (OTC)
-gently shake before each use -may take several days for full effect -headache -sore throat
27
montelukast
-do not use for acute asthma attack -headache -take dose in evening to enhance airway efficacy (airways are more relaxed)
28
albuterol sulfate
-shake well -increased heart rate
29
budesonide and formoterol
-shake well -rinse out mouth after each use to prevent oral thrush
30
bezonatate
-drowsiness -do not chew (numbing and choking)
31
dextromethorphan (OTC)
-shake well -potential for abuse (hallucinogen in high dose)
32
guaifenesin (OTC)
-drink lots of water to thin mucus -nausea
33
pseudoephedrine (BTC)
-increased heart rate -jitters -insomnia
34
amphetamine/dextroamphetamine (CII)
-take in morning due to insomnia -weight loss from decreased appetite -increased heart rate -dry mouth -headache
35
methylphenidate (CII)
-take in morning due to insomnia -weight loss from decreased appetite -increased heart rate -dry mouth -headache
36
escitalopram
-headache -insomnia or drowsiness -sexual dysfunction
37
venlafaxine
-headache -insomnia or drowsiness -dry mouth -take with food if upset stomach
38
fluoxetine
-sexual dysfunction -anorexia -diarrhea -asthenia
39
duloxetine
-insomnia or drowsiness -take with food if upset stomach
40
sertraline
-headache -insomnia > drowsiness -take with food if upset stomach -sexual dysfunction
41
amitriptyline
-drowsiness -weight gain -constipation
42
trazodone
-drowsiness -take with food to increase absorption
43
bupropion
-insomnia -begin 1 week before patient intends to quit smoking
44
antidepressants
-report signs/symptoms of worsening depression, behavior changes, and increase in suicidal thoughts to healthcare provider immediately -may need to taper up/down when using high doses (do not adjust doses without consulting prescriber first) -may take 2-6 weeks to see therapeutic effect -avoid alcohol (intensifies side effects)
45
aspirin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) (OTC)
-stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration) -take with food/milk -take with water -do not give to children less than 18 years old due to risk of Reyes' Syndrome -ringing in ears with high dose
46
ibuprofen (OTC), naproxen sodium (OTC), meloxicam
-stomach upset (possible bleed/ulceration) -take with food or milk -avoid if history of heart problems
47
methylprednisolone
-finish entire course -take with food or milk to avoid stomach upset -take earlier in day to avoid insomnia
48
hydrocortisone (OTC)
localized burning
49
acetaminophen (APAP) (OTC)
-APAP in many oTC and Rx combination products -do not use for hangovers (liver toxicity)
50
tramadol (CIV)
-constipation -drowsiness -dizziness
51
hydrocodone/APAP (CII)
-stomach upset -constipation -drowsiness -consider other APAP counseling tips
52
oxycodone (CII)
-stomach upset -constipation -drowsiness -do not rush or chew CR tablets
53
olanzapine
-drowsiness -weight gain -increased blood sugar and/or cholesterol -movement disorders -decreased sex drive
54
quetiapine
-drowsiness -weight gain -increased blood pressure and/or tachycardia -increased appetite -dizziness
55
aripiprazole
-drowsiness or insomnia -weight gain -movement disorders
56
topiramate
-dizziness/drowsiness -numbness/tingling -memory impairment -weight loss (decreased appetite from nausea)
57
pregabalin (CV)
-drowsiness/dizziness -headache -blurred vision -weight gain
58
gabapentin
-drowsiness/dizziness -uncoordinated muscle movements
59
lamotrigine
-drowsiness/dizziness -uncoordinated muscle movements -headache -blurred/double vision
60
divalproex sodium
-drowsiness/dizziness -tremors -muscle weakness -upset stomach (take with food)
61
zolpidem (CIV)
-take within 20 minutes of bedtime -get > 8 hours of rest (may cause next day drowsiness) -risk of abnormal sleep behaviors
62
temazepam (CIV)
-take right before bed -get > 8 hours of rest (may cause next day drowsiness) -headache
63
antipsychotic, anti-epileptic, hypnotic
-avoid alcohol (intensifies side effects) -do not adjust doses or discontinue without consulting healthcare provider
64
promethazine
-drowsiness -dizziness -avoid alcohol due to enhanced drowsiness -sun-sensitivity
65
ondansetron
-fatigue -headache -constipation or diarrhea
66
omeprazole (OTC)
-works in 1 day, up to 4 days for full effect -take > 1 hour before food -separate from antacids by 2 hours
67
famotidine (OTC)
-works in 1 hour, up to 1 day for full effect -can be taken with antacids
68
magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, simethicone (OTC)
-shake well -works within minutes -many drug-drug interactions -constipation from aluminum -diarrhea from magnesium and simethicone
69
calcium carbonate (OTC)
-constipation -chew before swallowing -do not use > 2 weeks for indigestion
70
docusate sodium (OTC)
-works in 1-3 days -take with water -diarrhea and cramps
71
polyethylene glycol (PEG) (OTC)
-laxative works in 1-3 days -do not take laxative longer than 1 week without doctor approval -colonoscopy prep works in 1 hour -diarrhea, cramps, bloating
72
bisacodyl (OTC)
-oral dose works in 8 hours -suppository works within 15-60 minutes -do not take longer than 1 week without doctor approval -diarrhea and cramps
73
loperamide (OTC)
-drowsiness -if diarrhea not improved in 2 days, call doctor (dehydration risk)
74
omega-3 fatty acids
-burping and taste disturbances -swallow whole; do not open -refrigerate to reduce taste and smell
75
fenofibrate
-increased liver enzymes -discontinue if gallstones form -photosensitivity
76
atorvastatin and rosuvastatin
-increased liver enzymes -report unusual muscle pain, tenderness, weakness, or dark urine -avoid grapefruit juice -contraindicated in pregnancy -diarrhea
77
ezetimibe
-increased liver enzymes -diarrhea
78
insulin lispro (rapid-acting) and insulin glargine (long-acting)
-low blood sugar -refrigerate unopened vials -discard after 28 days if at room temperature -let syringe reach room temperature before injection (could be painful) -rotate injection sites
79
metformin
-diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain -take with food -titrate dose up weekly (reduces stomach upset and diarrhea) -long-term use can cause vitamin B-12 deficiency
80
dapagliflozin
-UTI -increased urine output -decreased blood pressure
81
liraglutide
-low blood sugar -rotate injection sites -diarrhea -nausea -headache
82
clopidogrel
-avoid NSAIDs unless instructed (bleeding risk) -seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising -avoid abrupt discontinuation
83
warfarin
-same as clopidogrel -keep dietary vitamin K and alcohol consumption consistent -many drug interactions -take missed dose ASAP, but do not double dose in same day
84
rivaroxaban
-seek medical attention for unusual or prolonged bleeding or bruising -gastroenteritis -vomiting -cough (pediatric patients)
85
furosemide
-sun-sensitivity -decreased electrolytes (Ca2+, K2+, Mg2+) -dizziness upon standing -avoid taking at bedtime (increases urination)
86
spironolactone
-gynecomastia -increased serum potassium -diarrhea -irregular menses
87
hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
-sun-sensitivity -dizziness upon standing -avoid taking at bedtime (increases urination)
88
lisinopril
-avoid during pregnancy -dizziness -dry cough -headache -increases serum potassium
89
losartan
-avoid during pregnancy -dizziness -headache -increases serum potassium
90
amlodipine
-leg swelling -headache
91
metoprolol tartrate and metoprolol succinate
-dizziness -fatigue (goes away within 7 days) -take with food (better absorption) -lowers heart rate -do not discontinue abruptly (increased cardiovascular risk)
92
diuretics and antihypertensives
hypotension
93
levothyroxine
-take with water at least 30 minutes before breakfast -take same way everyday -take > 4 hours from antacids and iron -may take several weeks to see symptoms improve
94
tamsulosin
-take 30 minutes after same meal each day -orthostatic hypotension -headache -dizziness
95
tolterodine
-constipation -dry mouth -headache
96
donepezil
-nausea -diarrhea -risk of stomach bleed with NSAIDs -prolonged QT interval
97
alendronate
-take 30 minutes before breakfast -ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake -take with 8 oz of water and remain upright for 30 minutes -report heartburn or bone pain to physician
98
allopurinol
-report rash to prescriber -nausea and/or diarrhea -gout attacks may be more frequent in early therapy
99
oseltamivir
-nausea/vomiting -headache -does not replace influenza vaccine -must initiate within 48 hours of onset of symptoms
100
ferrous sulfate (OTC)
-best absorbed on empty stomach (can take with food) -separate 2 hours before or after other medications -black stools -constipation
101
sumatriptan
-tingling and dizziness -avoid if history of cardiovascular disease -overuse (more than 10 days per month) may worsen or increase frequency of headaches
102
tadalafil
-do not take more than once daily -avoid alcohol due to risk of low blood pressure -avoid grapefruit juice or lower dose/frequency of tadalafil use -headache and flushing -report sudden loss of hearing or vision and discontinue use

PHRM822 (16 decks)

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