Final: Instrumentation, etc [incomplete] Flashcards
Instrumentation: Plethysmograph
- provides a measure of respiratory volume changes during speech
- client is in a completely sealed environment (booth thing)
- inhalation: respiratory system expands, increases pressure in the booth, forces air out of booth
- exhalation: respiratory system contracts, decreases pressure, sucks air into plethysmograph
Instrumentation: what can it measure? (4 things)
- muscular activity
- movements associated w/ respiration, phonation and articulation
- structures involved in speech (eg the vocal tract) and language (eg the brain)
- nervous system activity during speaking and listening
Instrumentation: electromyography
- measures electrical activity of neural signals to muscles
- delivers a high-amplitude signal: the more motor units fire, the stronger the muscle contraction
- 2 types of electrodes:
- hooked-wire (looks painful as shit): hooks directly into muscles, used when muscle is too small/inaccessible for surface electrodes
- surface: record all muscle activity below a skin site
Instrumentation: Spirometer
- really dorky device you put in ur mouth and blow into
- measures airflow during nonspeech tasks
- an apparatus for measuring the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs
Instrumentation: Pneumotachograph or Rothenburg mask
- Hannibal Lecter lookin’ thing
- measures flow of air during speech
- collected via face mask
Instrumentation: Pneumography
- looks like a polygraph
- records thoracic and abdominal movement associated with speech breathing
- coils placed around speaker’s body
- expansion/contraction yield changes in electrical signals
Instrumentation: Laryngoscope
- for imaging the larynx in sustained PHONATION
- a mirror in the oropharynx
- gives view of VF during phonation
- addition of a STROBOSCOPE tuned to speaker’s f0 creates a “slow motion” view of the VFs during phonation
- introducing instruments orally means that speakers cannot move supraglottal articulators as in normal speech
Instrumentation: Fiberoptic Endoscope (Fiberscope):
- for imaging the larynx in connected speech
- can also be used to monitor velar movement
- light source and camera introduced through nose into laryngopharynx
- vocal fold abduction and adduction can be viewed
Instrumentation: Transillumination (photoglottography, PGG)
- for imaging the larynx in connected speech
- uses a light source to indicate changes in glottal area during phonation, measures the degree of VF separation
Instrumentation: Electroglottography
- measures the degree of vocal fold adduction
- paired electrodes on either side of thyroid cartilage pass a small current across the larynx
Instrumentation: Ultrasound
- used for viewing articulatory movements
- inaudible sound waves passed into tissues
- waves reflect upon hitting an air boundary (eg in the oral cavity)
- echo pattern shows shape of structures
- useful for imaging tongue contours
Instrumentation: Palatography
- measures contact between tongue and palate
- electropalatography (EPG) provides time-varying info
- requires artificial palate with embedded transducers
- prosthesis may affect articulation somewhat
- only hard palate can be imaged, postdental and velar areas not recorded
Instrumentation: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
- permits 3D image of entire vocal tract
- no exposure to radiation or radioactive substances
- person placed in magnetic field
- receivers are placed on articulators of interest
- receivers generate current as they move through magnetic field
- signals show movement of receivers in vocal tract
- minimal interference w/ articulation
In general, what are some pros and cons to using instrumentation in clinic?
(which methods are easy/hard to use in clinic?)
CONS:
-some methods may be difficult to incorporate into clinical use:
-endoscopy (invasive)
-magnetometry, MRI (expensive, requires tech support)
PROS:
-methods more easily incorporated into clinical use:
-ultrasound
-pneumography
-palatography
-physiological recording can provide immediate feedback on articulatory behavior
