Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 107 > FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL > Flashcards

FINAL FINAL FINAL FINAL Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q 
contains nucleic acids, proteins, carbs, and lipids
composed of cells
grow and reproduce
use energy and raw materials
respond to environment 
maintain homeostasis 
have adaptive traits
A

7 characteristics of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

smallest unit of life

A

cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

relatively constant and self correcting internal environment

A

homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

list the four kingdoms within the domain eukarya

A

protists fungi plants animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

method for gathering information and acquiring knowledge

A

scientific method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

classifications of humans

A 
domain- eukarya
kingdom- animals
phylum- chordates
class- mammals
order- primates
family- hominids
genus- homo
species- homo sapiens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

steps in the scientific method

A 
observe and ask a question
form hypothesis
test experiment and collect new data 
draw conclusions
repeat as needed 
possibly form theory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

goes through all the steps of the experiment but lacks factor being tested

A

control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

factor being tested

A

experimental/ independent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

change/effect that occurs because of experimental variable

A

responding/dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

6 most common elements found in the body

A

O, C, H, N, Ca, P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

smallest unit of an element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

contains protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

+

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

0

A

neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • ; move around the nucleus
A

electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

2 or more atoms bond to each other

A

molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

a molecule with atom of at least two different elements bonding

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

atoms share electrons to complete outer shell

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

atom or group of atoms that carries either a + or - electrical charge

A

ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

very weak bond/ easily broken

A

hydrogen bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

result from the transfer of electrons between atoms

A

ionic bond formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

pH 7.0

A

neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

pH

A

acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

pH> 7.0

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

pH of blood

A

7.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

4 groups of polymers/macromolecules found in living things

A

carbs lipids protein nucleic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

3 best know monosaccrides

A

glucose, frutose, galactose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

permanent disruption of protein structure/shape - loss of function

A

denaturation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what causes denaturation

A

caused by high temps or changes in pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

what is the function of enzymes

A

speeds up chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

how are most enzymes named

A

“ase” and named for their subtrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

genetic info in cells- in chromosomes

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

converts the genetic info in DNA into proteins

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

3 phosphate groups

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

TWISTED DOUBLE STRAND

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

single strand

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

adenine, ribose, (adenosine)

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid

A

DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

ribonucleic acid

A

RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cell- simpler and smaller; primary bacteria

A

prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

cells of all other organisms, including animals

A

eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

e.coli

A

prokaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

plants, animals

A

eukaryotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

2 major components of the plasma membrane

A

phospholipid and proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

thin outer covering of cell

A

plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

regulates movement of substances into and out of cell

A

selectively permeable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

random movement of a substance from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration

A

simple diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

type of diffusion in which H2O moves across a membrane from a region of high H2O concentration to a region of lower H2O concentration

A

osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

movement of substances across membrane from a lower conc to a higher conc with the aid of a carrier protein

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

movement of a substance from a region of higher conc to a region of lower conc to a region of lower conc with the aid of a membrane protein

A

facilitated diffusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

movement when large substances leave cell

A

exocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

movement when cell engulfs substance

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

cell eating

A

phagocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

cell drinking

A

endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

is a passive movement

A

facilitated transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

is an active movement

A

active transport

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

H2O moves out of cell

A

hypertonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

H2O moves into and out of cell equally

A

isotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

H2O moves into cells

A

hypotonic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

jellylike solution inside cell

A

cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

contains genetic info (DNA) that is passed from generation to generation

A

nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

separates nucleus from cytoplasm

A

nuclear envelope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

openings in the nuclear envelope

A

nuclear pore

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

protein synthesis- where amino acids are assembled into proteins

A

ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

system of interconnecting membrane channels

A

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

set of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs

A

golgi complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

membrane bound vesicles

A

lysosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

energy needs of cell

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

complex network of fibers within cytoplasm

A

cytoskeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

short and numerous- sweeps stuff

A

cillia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

long- usually just one; move cell

A

flagella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

how many chromosomes do have cells have

A

46 chromosomes - 23 pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

the “powerhouse” of the cell

A

mitochondria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

cellular energy is in what form

A

food?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

series of many chemical reactions where O2 is required ; aerobic respiration

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

the breakdown of glucose without o2

A

fermentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

4 phases of cellular respiration

A

glycolysis
transition reaction
citric acid cycle
electron transport chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
80
Q

is cellular respiration or fermentation more energy efficient

A

cellular respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
81
Q

what happens to the co2 produce during cell respiration

A

diffused out of cells into blood and taken to lungs to be exhaled

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
82
Q

when does fermentation occur

A

process stops at end of glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
83
Q

list the list of how life is organized from cell to organ systems

A

cells-tissues-organs-organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
84
Q

cover body surfaces, lines body cavities and organs, and forms glands

A

epithelial tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
85
Q

provides body and its organs with protection and support

A

connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
86
Q

responsible for body movement and movement of substances through the body

A

muscle tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
87
Q

conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another

A

nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
88
Q

attached to bone

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
89
Q

only found in heart

A

cardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
90
Q

in walls of hollow organs

A

smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
91
Q

muscle tissues that are involuntary

A

cardiac smooth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
92
Q

muscle tissue that is voluntary

A

skeletal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
93
Q

makes up brain, spinal cords, and nerves

A

nervous tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
94
Q

consists of skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands

A

integumentary system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
95
Q

two systems that maintain homeostasis in the body

A

nervous and endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
96
Q

what happens if homeostasis fails

A

illness or death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
97
Q 
support
movement
protection
storage of minerals
storage of fat
blood cell formation
A

functions of bones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
98
Q

examples of bones used for protection

A

skull, sternum, ribs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
99
Q

what minerals are stored in bones

A

calcium and phosphorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
100
Q

where are blood cells formed

A

in red bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
101
Q

why is bone a living tissue

A

it has many cells -osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
102
Q

how many bones do we have in our body

A

206

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
103
Q

places where bones meet

A

joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
104
Q 
movement
posture
support internal organs
move blood and lymph 
generates heart
A

functions of skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
105
Q

integrates and coorindates all the bodys varied activities

A

nervous sytem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
106
Q

conduct info toward brain and spinal cord

A

sensory neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
107
Q

carry info away from brain and spinal cord to an effector

A

motor neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
108
Q

found only within brain and spinal cord

A

interneurons

109
Q

2 possible effectors of motor neurons

A

muscles or glands

110
Q

has normal organelles, nucleus, etc

A

cell body

111
Q

single long extension that carries messages away from cell body to either another cell or to an effector

A

axon

112
Q

many short, branching projections

A

dendrites

113
Q

chemicals that cause an impulse to move from cell to cell

A

neurotransmitter

114
Q

junction between a neuron and another cell

A

synapse

115
Q

2 major divisions of the nervous system and list the organs within each

A

central nervous- brain and spinal cord

peripheral nervous- nerves

116
Q

2 major functional divisions of the PNS and provide functions

A

somatic NS- directs voluntary movement

autonomic NS- regulates involuntary bodily activites

117
Q

2 divisions of the autonomic NS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

118
Q

serve as the bodys central command center, coordinating and regulating the bodys other systems

A

brain

119
Q

higher level thinking, interpreting sensations, language, decision making, creativity, memory

A

cerebrum

120
Q

relays information to appropriate higher brain centers

A

thalamus

121
Q

connects nervous and endocrine system; controls heart rate, BP, breathing rate, body temp, food intake, center for emotions

A

hypothalamus

122
Q

coordinate voluntary movement with input from joints, muscles, eyes, and inner ears

A

cerebellum

123
Q

autonomic centers for breathing, heart rate and digestive activities

A

brain stem

124
Q

helps produce emotions and memory

A

limbic system

125
Q

3 components of the brain stem

A

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain

126
Q

conduct messages between brain and body; serve as reflex center

A

spinal cord

127
Q

touch, pressure, vibration, temp

A

general senses

128
Q

tough white of the eye; protection and attachment to eye muscles

A

sclera

129
Q

transparent front of eye; window of eye

A

cornea

130
Q

contains blood vessels to supply chemicals and O2 to tissues of the eye

A

choroid

131
Q

colored portion of the eye; regulates amount of light entering eye

A

iris

132
Q

send signal to brain via optic nerve

A

retina

133
Q

transparent, elastic, roundish structure behind iris and pupil

A

lens

134
Q

for vision in dim light and black and white vision

A

rods

135
Q

for color vision

A

cones

136
Q

the receiver

A

outer ear

137
Q

the amplifier

A

middle ear

138
Q

the transmitter

A

inner ear

139
Q

gathers sound and channels it into the

A

pinna

140
Q

eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

141
Q

3 bones in the ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

142
Q

balance and equilibrium

A

vestibular apparatus

143
Q

why are middle ear infections more common in kids

A

straighter and shorter auditory tube

144
Q

where are olfactory receptors

A

in roof of nasal cavity

145
Q

cells are stimulated by odor molecules and message is sent to limbic system and cerebrum

A

olfactory receptors

146
Q

5 primary tastes

A 
sweet 
salty
sour
bitter
umami
147
Q

where are hormones made

A

endocrine glands

148
Q

regulate and coordinate other body systems and thus maintain homeostasis

A

endocrine system

149
Q

endocrine function is the same as what other system in the body

A

nervous system

150
Q

functions: transportation, protection, regulation

A

blood

151
Q

what is the main component of plasma

A

h2o

152
Q

where are the formed elements of blood made

A

in red bone marrow by stem cells

153
Q

blood clotting

A

platelets

154
Q

many squeeze out of blood vessels to site of infection, tissue damage or inflammation

A

wbc

155
Q

pick up o2 in lungs and carry it to body cells

A

rbc

156
Q

most numerous type of blood cell in our body

A

rbc

157
Q

2 major components of the cardiovascular system

A

heart and blood vessels

158
Q

bodys transportation network

A

cardiovascular system

159
Q

list the blood vessels within the bodys circuit

A

heart-arti\eries-arterioles-capillaries-venules-veins-heart

160
Q

tubes that transport blood away from heart

A

arteries

161
Q

exchange of materials between blood and body cells

A

capillaries

162
Q

tubes that return blood back to heart

A

veins

163
Q

walls of the capillaries are only 1 cell layer thick because…

A

it allows materials through easily and quickly

164
Q

pumps blood to lungs

A

right side of heart

165
Q

pumps blood to rest of body

A

left side of heart

166
Q

upper smaller chambers that receive blood returning to the heart

A

2 atria

167
Q

lower larger chambers; pushes blood out of heart

A

2 ventricles

168
Q

heart-lungs-heart

A

pulmonary circuit

169
Q

heart-body tissues-heart

A

systemic circuit

170
Q

heart-heart muscle cells- heart

A

coronary circulation

171
Q

where does lymph originate

A

lymphatic system

172
Q

return excess interstitial fluid to bloodstream
transport products of fat digestion from the small intestine to the blood stream
help defend against disease causing organisms

A

functions of lymphathic system

173
Q

targets pathogens

A

bodys defense system

174
Q

organisms that cause disease or infection

A

pathogens

175
Q

three lines of defense

A

keep foreign organisms out of body; attack any foreign organisms inside the body; destroy a specific type of foreign organism inside body

176
Q

4 ways in which the body attacks any foreign organisms, molecules, or cancer cells inside body

A

defensive cells, defensive proteins, inflammation, fever

177
Q

slows growth of bacteria; stimulates body defense response

A

fever

178
Q

is specific to pathogen and has memory

A

immune system

179
Q

why is o2 important

A

helps make ATP energy via cellular respiration

180
Q

provide body with O2 and dispose of CO2

A

functions of respiratory system

181
Q

upper respiratory structures

A

nose- nasal cavity- pharynx- larynx

182
Q

filters, warms, and moistens air

A

upper respir system

183
Q

move air to gas exchange surface and gas exchange

A

lower respir system

184
Q

lower respiratory structures

A

trachea- bronchial tree- lungs

185
Q

voice box

A

larynx

186
Q

throat

A

pharynx

187
Q

windpipe

A

trachea

188
Q

thin walled round chamber that is surround by many capillaries for gas exchange in and out; provides huge surface area for gas exchange

A

alveoli

189
Q

viral- many different viruses can cause; no antibiotics

A

common cold

190
Q

viral- many kinds and no antibiotics

A

flu

191
Q

fluid accumulates in alveoli and bronchioles swell

A

pneumonia

192
Q

bacterial infection- antibiotic treatment

A

strep throat

193
Q

thick, sticky mucus- clogs air passageways and traps bacteria

A

cystic fibrosis

194
Q

what type of microorganisms cause the common cold and flu

A

viral

195
Q

why is it taking an antibiotic inappropriate for the common cold and flu

A

because antibiotics are for bacterial not viral

196
Q

list organs in the gastrointestinal tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

197
Q

4 digestive assessory organs

A

salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder

198
Q

mechanical breakdown of food

A

teeth

199
Q

moistens and binds food

contains enzyme to begin digestion of sugars and starches

A

salivary glands

200
Q

what begins digestion by the saliva

A

proteins

201
Q

what is the tongue made of

A

a muscle

202
Q

store food and regulate release of food to small intest
liquefy food
carry out initial digestion of proteins

A

stomach

203
Q

functions: chemical digestion and absorption

A

small intestine

204
Q

primary site of absorption of nutrients

A

absorption

205
Q

largest region of the large intestine

A

colon

206
Q

absorbs h2o and ions

stores, forms, and expels feces

A

large intestine

207
Q

the location where the pancreatic enzymes are released

A

first part of small intestine

208
Q

physically breaks down fats for increase enzyme action

A

bile function

209
Q

secrete it into gall bladder and small intestine

A

bile

210
Q

where is bile produced

A

in liver

211
Q

stores and releases bile into small intestine

A

gall bladder

212
Q

when is the gall bladder needed

A

in response to increase of fats entering small intestine

213
Q

4 basic organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys
ureters
urethra
urinary bladder

214
Q

remove wastes from body
regulate blood volume and bp
stimulate production of rbc
regulate concentrations of solutes in plasma
help stabilize blood pH
promote the bodys use of calcium and phosphorus

A

kidneys

215
Q

tubes connecting kidneys and bladder

A

ureters

216
Q

temporarily stores urine

A

urinary bladder

217
Q

tube that transports urine out of body

A

urethra

218
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

219
Q

as blood moves through and is filtered- substances are removed from and added to blood

A

nephrons

220
Q

usually from bacteria travelling up urethra from outside body

A

UTI

221
Q

why are utis more common in female

A

shorter urethra and is closer to anus

222
Q

why do cells need to reproduce

A

growth and development; renewal and repair

223
Q

significance of dna with regard to cell division

A

copies of dna are made and 1 copy is passed from parent cell to daughter cell

224
Q

nuclear division that results in identical body cells (somatic cells)

A

mitosis

225
Q

nuclear division that creates gametes (egg and sperm)

A

meiosis

226
Q

so daughter cell nuclei get the same number and kinds of chromosomes as mother cell nucleus

A

mitosis

227
Q

chromatin condenses to form chromosomes and spindles appear

A

prophase

228
Q

centromeres line up at center of cell

A

metaphase

229
Q

centromeres split and chromatids separate- become daughter chromosomes

A

anaphase

230
Q

chromosomes cluster at opposite poles and begin changing back to chromatin

A

telophase

231
Q

reduces the chromosome number from diploid number to haploid number

A

meosis

232
Q

with what event will these cells contain 2 complete sets of chromosomes

A

mitosis

233
Q

another name for down syndrome

A

trisomy 21

234
Q

3 chromosomes

A

trisomy

235
Q

certain segments of dna

A

genes

236
Q

different forms of a gene

A

alleles

237
Q

one that has the ability to mask the expression of another

A

dominant allele

238
Q

one whose expression is masked by the dominant allele for the same trait

A

recesive allele

239
Q

organism that has 2 identical alleles

A

homozygous

240
Q

organism that has 2 different alleles

A

heterozygous

241
Q

precise set of alleles of a person possesses for a given trait

A

genotype

242
Q

observable physical trait or traits

A

phenotype

243
Q

any chromosome other than a sex chromosome

A

autosomes

244
Q

appear normal but can have child with disorder

A

carrier

245
Q

when there are more than 2 possible for a particular trait

A

multiple alleles

246
Q

both expressed when both present

A

codominant

247
Q

when a trait is controlled by 2 or more genes and each dominant allele has an additive effect to the phenotype

A

polygenic inheritance

248
Q

why males are affected more often by x-linked disorders than females

A

get 1 X chromosome- if they get recessive gene they show disorder

249
Q

4 nitrogen bases found in dna

A

cytosine
guanine
thymine
adenine

250
Q

3 types of rna

A

messenger
transfer
ribosomal

251
Q

info from dna to mRNA; protein synthesis

A

transcription

252
Q

info from mRNA to protein; protein synthesis

A

translation

253
Q

how many different amino acids are there

A

20

254
Q

permanent change in the sequence of bases in dna

A

gene mutation

255
Q

manipulation of genetic material for human purposes

A

genetic engineering

256
Q

contains dna from 2 or more different sources

A

recombinant dna

257
Q

cures genetic diseases

A

gene therapy

258
Q

discovered the order of base pairs in human dna and determined humans have 20-25,000 genes that code for proteins

A

human genome project

259
Q

how long did the human genome project take

A

13 years completed in 2003

260
Q

2 gonads

A

testes and ovaries

261
Q

2 gametes

A

sperm and egg

262
Q

produce gametes and sex hormones

A

gonads

263
Q

3 organs in the male duct system

A

epididymis
vas deferns
urethra

264
Q

3 accessory organs of the male

A

seminal vesicle
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland

265
Q

surrounds upper portion of urethra

A

prostate gland

266
Q

deliver sperm to female reprod system

A

penis

267
Q

where does fertilization occur

A

oviducts/fallopian tubes

268
Q

what day is ovulation

A

14

Biology 107 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions