Final Final Flashcards
1
Q
Managing Life Hazards
A
- isolate
- contain
- evacuation
- decontamination
- emergency care
2
Q
Level A and B
A
- self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
- supplied air respirator (SAR)
3
Q
Level C
A
- powdered air purifying respirator (PAPR)
- air purifying respirator (APR)
4
Q
decay
A
radioactive material tries to stabilize itself by changing its structure in a natural process
5
Q
Radioactive Material (RAM)
A
-Special Nuclear Material
Uranium- 235
Plutonium- 239
-Fissile Material
Uranium- 235, 233
Plutonium- 239, 241
6
Q
MAD
A
mutually assured destruction
-arms race
7
Q
Scene Management Hazards
A
- Crowd control
- Resource management
- Biohazard, radiological, toxic
8
Q
Preparedness
A
- mitigation
- rely on training and reference sources
- know how and when to access specific toxicological information
- understand how a hazardous materials scene is organized and where you fit in
- know where to find the emergency response plan in your facility
9
Q
General Considerations of Scene Managment
A
- emergency operations must be conducted in a structured, consistent manner
- strong emphasis is placed on standard operating procedures (SOPs)
- it is critical to ensure your own safety
- it may not be possible to identify what hazards are present
- warning signs include:
- signs and symptoms from patients
- placards and labels
10
Q
If you suspect an attack…
A
- Ensure safety
- notify dispatch and/or supervisor
- request resources
- coordinate with command
- initiate mass casualty incident procedures
11
Q
Mass Casuality Incident Procedure
A
- approach scene with caution and UPWIND
- carry out scene assessment
- establish incident command (each responding agency)
- recognize signs and indicators of CBRN incidents
- determine whether CBRN or hazardous material incident
- estimate the number of causalities/victims
- estimate resource requirements (certain hospitals dont take certain trauma patients -> OB)
- carry out primary triage, decontamination, secondary triage, medical care, and transport
- consider specialist advice
12
Q
Scene Size up
A
- Forms an incident action plan
- Systematic
13
Q
Lloyd Layman’s 5 Step Size Up Process
A
-Facts- time of day, location, resources, weather
-Probability- anticipate events
-Situation:
Are there enough resources for mitigation of incident
Limitations of personnel
Limitations of equipment (responding resources)
-Decision:
Are there enough resources for mitigation of incident
Is a internal attack possible
Assignment of on scene resources
Assignment of responding resources
-Plan of Operation- plan of mitigation
14
Q
Operation Goal
A
- life safety
- incident control/stabilization
- environmental protection
- systems/infrastructure protection
- property protection
- mode of operation
15
Q
Operation Actions
A
- make immediate contact with incident commander for coordination
- isolate the area upwind and uphill initially
- > then in specified directions as per the incident commander or hazmat team
- identify a safe staging location for incoming units
- give access and egress to these units if necessary
- mobilization points for resources may be set up away from the scene and resources deployed as necessary
16
Q
Utilize Resources for…
A
- Identification of hazards
- Medical care
- Evacuation
17
Q
Assess Initial Isolation/Standoff Distances
A
- green section of ERG
- specific to chemical
18
Q
When to use control zones
A
- mitigate damage and increase safety
- explosive devices
- chemical or biological contamination or dispersion devices
- potential radioactive contamination
19
Q
Perimeter Control Factors
A
-amount of available resources
-self protection capabilities
-size and configuration of the incident
-incident stability
-requires the use of scene evaluation to determine appropriate distances required to isolate the incident from unaffected individuals ->
Staging, Access routes, Egress routes
20
Q
Staging
A
- initial emergency responders
- uphill and upwind
- avoid bottleneck- you need to get in and out
- additional resources
- establish staging area
- location
- size
21
Q
Medical Sector
A
- size up
- strategy
- tactics
- largest component of the incident command system (ICS) involving incident command and victim care
- supervisor -> treatment, triage, transport
- treatment -> support
- transport -> hospital coordinator
22
Q
Initial Actions: Medical Sector
A
- supervisor
- request dedicated EMS staging officer
- determine need for medical staff PPE
- request safety officer for medical sector
23
Q
Medical Sector: Treatment Zones and Treatment Support
A
- may need to establish treatment zones
- requires the most medical personnel
- established prior to 1st arriving victims
- not hot zone preferably
- treatment support:
- provides medical supply support to teams
- provides pharmaceutical support to teams
24
Q
Medical Sector: Transportation and Hospital Coordinator
A
- determines victim transport needs
- determines initial assessment of area hospital medical care capability
- determines the need to activate national disaster medical system NDMS
- Hospital Coordinator:
- determines the need to activate NDMS (national disaster medical system)
- NDMS- assist hospitals in incidents
- coordinate patient allocation
- hospital coordinator decides to deploy or not
25
Q
Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)
A
- treatment
- transportation
- triage
- establish support for these zones- early hospital assessment is crucial for control and NDMS
- PPE upon arrival
26
Q
Incident Command System (ICS)
A
- management system (not just a chart)
- standardized management tool for meeting the demands of small or large emergency or nonemergency situations
- “best practices” for emergency management -> standard
- for planned events, natural disasters, acts of terrorism
- part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
- applies to all levels of government
- incident commander
- safety officer, liaison officer, public information officer
- operations, planning, logistics, and finance/administration
- flexible (not beyond standard) and scalable
27
Q
Components of National Incident Management System (NIMS)
A
- resource management- before and after incidents, sharing resources, personnel, equipment, supplies, team, facilities
- command and coordination- describes leadership roles, processes, and recommended organization structures for incident management at the operational and incident support levels
- communications and information management- describes systems that help ensure incident personnel and decision makers have the information needed to make decisions
28
Q
NIMS: Incident Action Planning
A
- guides incident management activities
- record and communicate incident objectives, tactics, and assignments for operations and support
- recommended for all incidents
- not always written but important when:
- its likely to extend beyond one operational period
- becomes more complex
- involves multiple jurisdictions or agencies
29
Q
NIMS: Managing Span of Control
A
- number of subordinates that directly report to a supervisor
- ensures effective incident management by enabling supervisors to direct and supervise subordinates and communicate and manage resources
- 1 supervisor to 5 subordinates -> 1:5
- redistribute when unmanageable
- depends on distances between personnel and resources
30
Q
Unity of Command vs Unified Command
A
- unity of command- clear up potential communication problems
- unified command- -sometimes replaces incident command when there are multiple jurisdictions involved
- unified command maintains unity of command by reporting to only 1 supervisor
31
Q
Formal Communication
A
- follows lines of authority but information can be passed horizontally or vertically without restriction
- must be used when:
- receiving and giving work assignments
- requesting support or resources
- reporting progress of tasks
- other information exchange that is passed horizontally or vertically without restriction is informal communication
32
Q
Informal Communication
A
- used to exchange incident or event information only
- NOT used for formal requests for resources of tasking work assignments -> this is formal communication
- ex. communications unit leader contacts resources unit leader to determine # of people requiring communication devices
33
Q
ICS structure
A
- incident commander
- command staff- liaison officer (coordinates with reps from cooperating agencies), public information officer (interface with public and media), safety officer
- general staff- operations section chief, planning section chief, logistics section chief, finance/administration section chief
- public information officer has no assistants
34
Q
Incident Commander
A
- responsible for incident activities, including strategies and tactics and the ordering and the release of resources
- has overall authority for conducting incident operations and is responsible for the management of all incident operations at the incident site
- scope of authority is derived from existing law, agency policy, procedures, or through delegation of authority from agency administrator or elected official
35
Q
Operation Section
A
- responsible for all tactical operations at the incident
- includes:
- branch- functional, geographical, or jurisdictional responsibility for major part of incident operations
- division- responsible for operations within a define geographical area
- group- divide the incident into functional areas of operation
- unit-responsible for a specific incident planning, logistics, or finance activity
- task force- group of resources with common communications and a leader that may be preestablished and sent to an incident or formed at an incident
- strike team/resource team- specified combination of the same kind and type of resources, with common communications and a leader
- single resource- an person, piece of equipment and its personnel complement, or an established crew with an identified work supervisor that can be used on an incident
36
Q
Planning Section
A
- responsible for collection, evaluation, and dissemination of information related to the incident, and for the preparation and documentation of the incident action plan
- maintains information on current and forecasted situations and status of resources assigned to the incident
- includes:
- situation
- resources
- documentation
- demobilization units
- technical specialists
37
Q
Mutual Aid Topics
A
- reimbursement- either paid or unpaid (based on providing reciprocal services
- recognition of licensure and certification- guidelines to ensure recognition of licensure across geopolitical boundaries
- procedures for mobilization (request, dispatch, and response)- specific procedures to request and dispatch resources through mutual aid
- protocol for voice and data interoperability- protocols for how different communications and IT systems share information
- protocol for resource management- standard templates for packaging resources based on NIMS resource typing definitions and/or local inventory systems
38
Q
Mutual Aid at all Levels
A
- used at all levels of government
- local jurisdiction participate in mutual aid through agreements with neighboring jurisdictions
- states can participate in mutual aid through Emergency Management Assistance Compact (EMAC)
- federal agencies offer mutual aid to each other and to states, tribes, and territories under the National Response Framework (NRF)
39
Q
Effective Incident Objectives
A
- must be:
- specific and state what to accomplish
- measurable and include a standard and timeframe
- attainable and reasonable
- in accordance with the incident commanders’ authorities
- evaluated to determine effectiveness of strategies and tactics
- ex. establish a controlled perimeter around the incident within 45 minutes (by 6 PM)
40
Q
Evaluation Elements for Triage and Countermeasures (VIDEO)
A
- laboratory testing
- radiation survey with detection equipment
- focused radiation exposure history including assessment for adverse health effects
- measures presence, type, and dose of internal radiation
- internal exposure is apparent when a spot continues to be contaminated after multiple decontaminations
- whole body counting- technology to measure internal exposure
- serial lymphocyte count (low indicates radiation) and cytogenetic biodosimetry measure the amount of radiation dose absorbed
- prodromal symptoms, lab results, and injury status determine resource management
- severe prodromal symptoms -> fever, shock, LOC, nausea, diarrhea -> do not allocate resources bc probably will die
- potassium iodide (prevent incorporation into thyroid), DTPA, and prussian blue insoluble (excreted radiation out), and colony stimulating factor (regeneration of bone marrow) -> medications that help rid of internal radiation
- Radiation survey w/ detection equipment -> Completed ASAP.
41
Q
Surviving Nuclear Attack (Irwin Redlener) Video
A
- 1949- Russia becomes a nuclear power
- Totally dependent on (M.A.D.) → Mutually assured destruction -> If you attack we both die
- not enough bomb shelter, treatment, providers, resources
- 1991- threat for war gone but single event is still in question
- 4 components to nuclear threat: Global nuclear weapons is not secure and material is available, Global stockpile of HEU; 1,300 - 2,100 metric tons , resources on how to build nuclear weapons, Evil do-ers are organized, dedicated, stateless, and retaliation proof.
- You have 10-20 minutes to get away if you survived a nuclear attack
- Shelter for 48-72 hrs
