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OT 401: OP & Context for Older Adults > Final Exam: Week 8 Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Final Exam: Week 8 Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common type of joint disease among older adults and is one of the leading causes of disability?

A

Osteoarthritis

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2
Q

What causes osteoarthritis?

A

Cause is UNKNOWN→ related to wear and tear on joints

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3
Q

OA non-modifiable risk factors

A

Age and family history

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4
Q

OA modifiable risk factors

A

Obesity, physical occupations, participation in contact sports

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5
Q

Most common OA sites

A

Hip, knee, spine, big toe and thumb/finger joints

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6
Q

How to manage OA?

A
  • Address modifiable risk factors→ weight and activity
  • Strength training→ greater muscular support of joints decreases reliance upon bony joints
  • Medication→ anti-inflammatory
  • Joint replacement
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7
Q

When is joint replacement for OA necessary?

A

SEVERE disease

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8
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Comprised bone density predisposing to risk of fragility fracture

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9
Q

Common fracture sites with osteoporosis

A

Vertebrae, hip, and wrist

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10
Q

After an osteoporosis fracture there is increased…

A

Mortality risk

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11
Q

How to manage osteoporosis?

A
  • Multicomponent exercise program→ resistance and balance training
  • Consultation with PT→ precautions are being followed
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12
Q

Most common type of amputation

A

Lower limb

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13
Q

Greatest risk factor for amputation

A

Long-term diabetes

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14
Q

Other risks for amputation

A

Peripheral vascular disease, trauma, and cancer

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15
Q

Issues with prosthetics

A

Difficulties in many contexts, mainly psychosocial and bereavement

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16
Q

How to manage amputations

A
  • Team approach
  • Goals→ pain management, return to function, psychosocial issues, psychotherapy
  • Interventions→ exercise, pain management, functional interventions, psychotherapy
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17
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disease
Cause is unknown

18
Q

Parkinson’s disease is characterized by…

A

Voluntary and involuntary movement dysfunction and resting tremor/rigidity→ especially difficulty in initiating motion

19
Q

Nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson’s

A
  • Pain
  • Depression and anxiety
  • Fatigue
  • Memory impairment
  • Sleep disturbances
  • Autonomic dysfunction
20
Q

Management of Parkinson’s

A
  • Pharmacological
  • Rehabilitation (PT and OT)
  • Assistive devices
21
Q

Definition of a fall

A
  • Any unplanned decent
  • Event that results in a person going to the ground or other lower level WITH or WITHOUT injury
22
Q

About ____ of adults will fall each year

A

1/3

23
Q

Costs of falling for older adults

A

Function, quality of life, cost of care

24
Q

Consequences of falls

A
  • About 1/4 of falls result in injury
  • Many people never fully recover to their prior x’al status
  • Death
25
Q

Most common injuries resulting from falls

A
  • Bruises, contusions, lacerations
  • Sprains
  • Fractures (pelvis, hip, UE, spine, skull, ankle)
26
Q

Risk factors for falls

A
  • Intrinsic→ medical conditions
  • Extrinsic→ environment (slippery floor)
    Both of these factors can be changed with intervention
27
Q

Fear of falling

A
  • May be present even if person has never fallen
  • Results in anxiety and self-restricting activity
  • May lead to deconditioning→ increase in fall risk
28
Q

Interventions for falls

A

Fall prevention education
Exercise→ resistance and balance
Functional intervention→ assistive devices, ADLs, gait and balance

29
Q

Interventions for fear of falling

A
  • Improve balance and muscle strength
  • Eliminate environmental hazards
  • Education
30
Q

Goal of rehabilitation

A

To provide people with the tools they need to attain the highest possible level of independence

31
Q

Keys to successful rehab

A
  • Broad perspective
  • Identification and management of→ medical, social, psychological problems, occupational performance
  • Understanding of difference between “normal aging” and pathological changes
32
Q

____% of those 70 and older have some sort of disability

A

20%

33
Q

____% of those 85 and older have some sort of disability

A

50%

34
Q

Most common causes of disability

A
  • Chronic diseases
  • Injury
  • Mental impairments
  • Malnutrition
  • Communicable diseases (HIV/AIDS)
35
Q

Definition of loss

A

Irrevocable and can be any valued object (loved person, job, status, home, possession, health)

36
Q

Grief is our response to…

A

Loss, often includes the loss of the future as we expect it
Can ve sudden, gradual, anticipated, temporary, or permanent

37
Q

Impact of trauma and illness

A
  • Loss of sense of self
  • Loss of connectedness
  • Loss of power
  • Loss of valued roles
38
Q

How OTs help in processing loss

A
  • Dialogue and relationship
  • Spend time talking about the grief
  • Focus on process rather than outcome
  • Process of life review
  • Being present
39
Q

Challenges for those with intellectual disease

A
  • They may have had previous negative experiences with care providers.
  • Their parents may have been primary care providers and are now themselves aging or dead
40
Q

Issues for individuals with serious mental illness

A
  • Shorter life expectancy
  • Physical issues overlooked or not treated
41
Q

Issues for individuals with long standing physical disabilities

A
  • Musculoskeletal problems
  • Declining energy and strength
  • Osteoporosis
  • Stress
  • Higher pain levels

OT 401: OP & Context for Older Adults (12 decks)

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