Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OT 401: OP & Context for Older Adults > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

How can an OT help individuals maintain their independence?

A

Recommending home modifications and strategies to make ADLs easier, treatment of conditions associated with aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following individuals has the longest life expectancy?
a. A white female in the U.S
b. A black male in Canada
c. An individual in South America regardless of gender/ethnicity
d. A Hispanic female in a large U.S city

A

a. A white female in the U.S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Early theories of aging focused on describing it as:
a. A problem
b. A normal, welcomed life stage
c. A rare and unique process
d. Too idiosyncratic for generalized description

A

a. A problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Definition of culture

A

Patterns of behavior from family, all ways of life including arts, beliefs and institutions of a population that are passed down from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cultural identity

A

Language, race, ethnicity, religion, occupation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of ways culture affects occupational performance?

A

What they believe in, music they listen to, and hobbies they like can motivate them to approach difficult changes in their life with a different perspective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How would you assess the impact of culture during an evaluation?

A

Ask questions such as “where did you grow up?”
Where they grew up can influence traditions or what was taught to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following reflects a possible cultural identity?
a. Race
b. Religion
c. Occupation
d. Two of the above
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Although increasing awareness of positive aging has begun to improve attitudes, this outlook has been criticized for its potential to:
a. Encourage subtle discrimination against those who are not able to age well
b. Raise unrealistic expectations among older adults about what the experience will be like
c. Reduce family support because families assume elders will do fine without them
d. Encourage older adults to do too much and wear themselves out

A

a. Encourage subtle discrimination against those who are not able to age well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 components of occupational participation?

A

Volition, habituation, and performance capacity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an example of a theory that can explain the experience of growing older in the context of human performance?

A

MOHO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following are most difficult for older adults?
ADL: 1) walking 2) bathing 3) going outside 4) transferring 5) toileting
IADL: 1) heavy housework 2) shopping 3) meal prep 4) light housework 5) money management 6) phone management

A

Going outside and phone management
- going outside is particularly difficult (changes in weather, terrain) in turn affecting phone management and social participation (less connected with outside world)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Do most older adults need help with self-care?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Practical vs. Symbolic side of self care

A

Practical- things we need to do such as washing hands, wiping after using the bathroom
Symbolic- maintaining independence and self-esteem such as washing face or applying makeup

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What factors should OTRs look at before completing a self care assessment?

A

Vision, hearing, sensory skills, and cognition
- think of the whole individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Definition of leisure

A

Something we choose to do that can increase occupational performance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why is leisure important to older adults?

A

Keeps them going, improves client factors (ROM, cognition) and it is time they have earned to do something they enjoy
- helps them express their identity (valued occupations)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are some questions to ask to evaluate an older adult’s leisure skills

A

What do you love to do? What are you passionate about? What makes you forget about the outside world?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How can employers support older adults?

A

Working in shifts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In late life, the number of expected roles tend to:
a. Decrease
b. Increase
c. Remain the same
d. Number of roles is not associated with age

A

a. Decrease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Occupational value can be thought of as:
a. The individual’s assessment of the importance of the activity
b. The extent to which an occupation can be measured in economic worth
c. Recognition by society of an occupation’s contributions to the community
d. A measure of prestige imparted by participation in particular activities

A

a. The individual’s assessment of the importance of the activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does one achieve positive social interactions in later life and what are some benefits?

A

Improve cognition, multigenerational can be validating
Older adults may be hesitant to receive help, try to improve connection with others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some societal trends that affect late life family interactions?

A

Smaller family size, higher divorce rate, geographic mobility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are some common occupations or roles that older adults engage in, and what are their benefits?

A

Grandparents as babysitters, friends, neighbors
Feel important/needed- reciprocity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How are the rates of STDs lowered in nursing homes?

A

“Hotel rooms” are created, safe sex is discussed with patients (decreased inhibition)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the continuum of care?

A

Hospital-rehab: Acute rehab (IRF- inpatient rehab facility)
Skilled nursing facility (SNF- short term rehab)
Long term acute care (LTAC)
Home (with or without home care)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the difference between a formal and informal care network?

A

Formal- professional services
Informal- friends and family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Home Health Care

A

To provide support services to elders with daily living needs so they can remain at home
- administered by the EOEA (Executive Office of Elder Affairs)
- eligibility based on age (60+), financial status, and ability to do daily tasks
-rigid medicare guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Older Americans Act

A

Provides funding for community-based services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Community-based services are used by:
a. A majority of older adults
b. About half of all older adults
c. A small proportion of older adults
d. Use varies depending on geographic location

A

c. A small proportion of older adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Older adults typically prefer services provided by:
a. Visting nurses
b. Home health aides
c. Neighbors or church groups
d. Nuclear or extended family

A

d. Nuclear or extended family

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

History of Medicare

A

Became a law in 1965, health insurance for those 65 and over
- largest payer of healthcare services in the U.S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Medicare components

A

Part A- hospital stays, short stay at SNF, home health, hospice
Part B- supplemental insurance that covers 80% of outpatient services, office visits, and DME
- not all older adults have Part B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Of UK, US, and Sweden which country does not have universal healthcare?

A

U.S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Medicaid

A

Law that addresses health care needs of low income and older individuals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

CMS (Centers for Medicare Services)

A

Change how reimbursement works and can drive how you are documenting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Medicare coverage for OT

A
  • Services must be prescribed by a physician
  • Services are reasonable and necessary
  • Have goals that make sense for their independence at home or getting home
    -Services cannot be a duplication of another discipline (PT)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the 3 factors of the Rowe and Kahn Model of Successful Aging (1998) ?

A

Absence of disease and disability, positive cognitive and physical function, engagement with life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Definition of health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Definition of health promotion

A

Engaging in activities that promote health, engage all populations with differing abilities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Definition of wellness

A

A multidimensional state of being, describing the existence of positive health in an individual as exemplified by quality of life and a sense of well-being

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Definition of a preventative occupation

A

Promotes physical activities, lecture series about preventing falls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Person factors

A

Genetics, spirituality, and personality characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Environment factors

A

Home- may present barriers such as many flights of stairs or support positive aging
Community- environmental factors support or inhibit well-being (transportation access)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Occupation factors

A

Physical activity- helps older adults maintain function and decrease risk for disease…does not have to be intense exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What are the 8 domains that determine an age-friendly city?

A

Outdoor spaces and building
Transportation
Housing
Social participation
Respect and social inclusion
Civic participation and employment
Communication and information
Community support and services

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What is the definition of social determinants of health?

A

Conditions in which people live, including access to health care

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Why is staying active important for older adults’ participation in occupations?

A

Supports cognition, social connectedness, and productivity as well as physical health
-prevents cognitive decline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What are some health behavior change strategies for older adults?

A

Discussion about nutrition, exercise, managing medical conditions, and lifestyle redesign for adults moving into retirement
- health promotion programming, specific interventions such as LiFE to promote wellness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Focus of rehabilitation interventions

A

Restoration, remediation, compensation, and adaptation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Health education

A

Provides evidence to support establishment of good health practices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Health coaching

A

A client-centered approach that is based on behavior change models and uses motivational interviewing to help individuals develop and implement a plan of action to achieve goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Health promotion

A

Emphasizes the importance of motivating people to establish health and wellness goals as a means to engage in their life passions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Lifestyle redesign

A

Focuses on educating older adults about the importance of occupation to enhance physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual health and on preparing them to be reflective about their occupational choices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

By 2050, what percent of the population in the U.S will be 65+?

A

88.5 million (roughly 20% of the population)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Spirituality vs. religion

A

Spirituality- a human characteristic of being sensitive to or seeking the presence of spirit (a relationship to a higher power or meaning/purpose in life)
Religion- organized, institutionalized expression of belief and system of worship (may be a subset of spirituality)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Why does spirituality matter to OT?

A

Mind-body-spirit, experience of illness or disability raises questions of a spiritual nature, spirituality takes on a special meaning later in life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Religion and how it affects medical care

A

Some patients will state they cannot utilize medication/treatments based on their religion
- emergency situations rules can be waived, however it is always up to the individual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

How common is depression in late life?

A

8.19% of older adults vs. 12.9% age 18-29
-environment plays a role…nursing homes prevalence is 35% for depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

(T/F) Older adult males have the highest suicide completion rate

A

True

61
Q

Depression risk factors for older adults

A

Losing spouse/friends
Losing independence
Loss of roles
Financial burdens
Substance abuse
Terminal diagnoses
Previous suicide attempts

62
Q

SIGECAPS symptoms

A

Sleep, Interest, Guilt, Energy, Concentration, Appetite, Psychomotor slowing, Suicidality

63
Q

Prevalence of major depression in older adults

A

1-5%

64
Q

Prevalence of minor depression in older adults

A

10%

65
Q

Symptoms of atypical/somatic depression

A

Pain in stomach, headache
Sleep problems, decreased appetite

66
Q

Difference between major depression and somatic depression

A

Somatic depression shows physical symptoms

67
Q

What types of anxiety are more common in older adults?

A

Excessive worry, phobias, and social fears

68
Q

Anxiety etiology

A

Gender, chronic medical conditions, marital status, stressful events, physical limitations, adverse childhood events

69
Q

Somatic symptoms of anxiety

A

Restlessness, fatigue, body aches, insomnia, increased cardiovascular and respiratory response (symptoms can be from comorbidity disorders)

70
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

65+ prevalence is low, genetic and environmental factors, greater incidence for men in 80s/90s
Treatment- antipsychotics, lithium, and aripiprazole

71
Q

Substance abuse

A

Prevalent with veterans (18-29%), genetic vulnerability and environmental factors, metabolization of substances is slower in older adulthood- substance abuse occurs more easily

72
Q

Side effects of antidepressants

A

Confusion, disorientation, dry mouth, urinary retention and constipation, blurred vision, sleep disturbances, nightmares, agitation, cardiovascular changes (increase in BP, HR changes)

73
Q

Why is it important for OTs to be aware of medication side effects?

A

Find ways to optimize treatment for the patient when they are alert, educate them on side effects

74
Q

Other treatment for depression that works with some patients

A

Electroconvulsive therapy

75
Q

What are some examples of cardiovascular disease?

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD), heart rhythm (arrhythmias), congenital defects

76
Q

What is the leading cause of death for men and women in the U.S?

A

Heart disease

77
Q

What happens to the heart’s pumping cycle during arrhythmia?

A

Atria and ventricles are not working together and become out of sync

78
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxed phase of cardiac cycle when the chambers of the heart are re-filling with blood

79
Q

Systole

A

Heart chambers are contracting

80
Q

Atrial diastole

A

Relaxing of the atria

81
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

Relaxing of the ventricles

82
Q

Fast vs. slow heart rate

A

Fast- up to 300bpm, inadequate filling during diastole which reduces cardiac output
Slow- also reduces cardiac output including to the brain and heart

83
Q

Irregular heart rate

A

Inefficient, can result from a heart attack, fevers, stenosis, infection, and drug toxicity

84
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Heart attack

85
Q

Hypertension (high blood pressure)

A

Common, resting systolic BP >140mmHg and/or diastolic >90mmHG on repeated examination

86
Q

High force of blood through vessels creates significant stress on the heart, increasing risk for…

A

CAD, MI, CVA

87
Q

Risk factors for hypertension

A

family history, stress, high sodium intake, obesity, excessive alcohol intake

88
Q

Treatment for hypertension

A

Medication to lower BP
Lifestyle changes

89
Q

How does hypertension affect the kidneys?

A

Narrowing lumen decreases blood supply and will increase vasoconstriction

90
Q

What is the most common cardiac related disorder?

A

Coronary artery disease (CAD) aka ischemic heart disease (IHD)

91
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

Buildup of fatty, fibrous plaque in arteries that can narrow vessels over time
- occludes blood supply to heart muscle

92
Q

CAD increases risk for…

A

-Angina pectoris (arteries narrow in aging, heart muscle constricts with activity causing pain in chest, left shoulder, neck, back, jaw)
-MI
-Heart failure

93
Q

Modifiable risk factors for CAD

A

High cholesterol
Smoking
Inactivity
High BP
Diabetes
Weight
Stress

94
Q

Arteriosclerosis vs. Atherosclerosis

A

Arterio: hardening/stiffening of vessels
Arthero: plaque that occurs

95
Q

Complications of CAD

A

Ischemia, infarction, LDL, HDL

96
Q

Disease continuum of CAD

A

Stenosis (narrowing), thrombosis (clot), embolus (circulating clot), aneurysm

97
Q

What are the permanent changes in heart rate after an MI?

A

Without oxygen for 20 mins necrosis begins and can become scarred over, heart function compromised, will cause arrhythmias

98
Q

How is CAD diagnosed?

A

Medical history, physical exam, diagnostic tests

99
Q

Treatment for CAD

A

Coronary artery bypass graft (surgery to detour around blocked vessels) or percutaneous coronary intervention (coronary angioplasty with or without stent to open artery)

100
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

Unstable angina and acute MI- irreversible damage to the heart muscles, result of coronary artery obstruction or prolonged lack of oxygen

101
Q

How often does a heart attack occur in the U.S?

A

Every 43 seconds

102
Q

Half of Americans have at least 1 of what 3 risk factors for heart disease and possibility for MI?

A

HTN (hypertension), high cholesterol, smoking

103
Q

What are the 3 types of acute coronary syndrome?

A

-Unstable angina
-Non-ST segment elevation MI and ST segment, Elevation MI (STEMI)…determined by presence or absence of ST-segment elevation or Q waves on EKG

104
Q

Treatment focus for MI

A

Minimizing complications, restoring normal function, exploration of lifestyle modifications

105
Q

Post discharge after an MI

A

Cardioprotective medications, cardiac rehabilitation, ongoing dietary/lifestyle education
-Lifestyle modifications include low-fat and sodium diet, smoking cessation, and increased physical activity

106
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Heart muscle becomes stretched beyond its ability to contract resulting in fluid in lungs or extremities

107
Q

What percent of individuals with CHF have a history of hypertension?

A

75%

108
Q

(T/F) Many cases of CHF are asymptomatic, but some being with acute onset and progress to chronic

A

True

109
Q

(T/F) Left-sided heart failure will lead to right-sided dysfunction

A

True

110
Q

Most common symptoms of CHF

A

Shortness of breath, fatigue, and muscle weakness

111
Q

What happens during CHF?

A

Loop/pump fails to bring blood back to heart and out of heart, decreased efficiency, causes ventricular enlargement (compensates for failed pump)

112
Q

Left CHF symptoms

A

Dyspnea (difficult breathing), anxiety, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, pulmonary congestion

113
Q

Risk factors for heart failure

A

High BP, high blood sugar, obesity, blood clots, stroke, virus, family history, toxic meds

114
Q

Common symptoms of heart failure

A

Having trouble thinking or being sleep, dizziness, weakness, unable to walk/do activities as normal, short of breath, cough, inability to lay flat, chest pain/tightness, fast heart beat, weight gain, abdomen or ankle swelling

115
Q

Zone tool- everyday checklist

A
  • weigh yourself in the morning before breakfast
    -eat low sodium foods
    -balance activity and rest
    -check for swelling in ankles/stomach
    -take meds
    Warning Zone- gain 3 lbs in 1 day or 5 lbs in 1 week. increased swelling, difficulty breathing. dizziness
116
Q

Peripheral vascular diseases (PVD)

A

Any abnormality in blood vessels outside the heart

117
Q

Atheroma

A

degeneration of the walls of the arteries caused by accumulated fatty deposits and scar tissue, leading to restriction of circulation and risk of thrombosis
Most common sites: abdominal aorta and memorial/iliac arteries

118
Q

Symptoms of PVD in the lower extremities

A

Pain, weakness, sensory impairment, bluish tinge

119
Q

Complications of PVD

A

Amputation or gangrene

120
Q

Age-related changes to the heart

A

-Collagen becomes stiffer
-Fattier muscle tissue
-Coronary artery is less elastic
-Conduction system changes, controls heart rhythm
-Vessels fill with plaque (leads to hypertension)…occlusion completely closes off the vessel
-Afib (premature ventricular contractions)
-Decreased max heart rate, myocardial contractibility, stroke rate

121
Q

Consequences on CV function

A

-Reduced capacity for oxygen transport
- Activities associated with low RPE are perceived as physically demanding (more rest breaks)

122
Q

Sternal precautions

A

After heart surgery there is no lifting, no pushing, no pulling
-Mostly leg muscles are used to stand rather than pushing up with arms

123
Q

Pacemaker precautions

A

No lifting or pulling, no putting arms above head
-Activity on the side of the pacemaker limited for 4-6 weeks (lifting arm on that side or any activities involving large arm movements)
-Avoid devices that have electromagnetic fields (metal detectors in airport), cell phones held at least 6 inches away or on opposite side

124
Q

Cardiac education to reduce functional impairment

A

Energy conservation and work simplification
-Decline in function can lead to anxiety or depression
-Increased work load can cause shortness of breath or fatigue

125
Q

OT considerations for cardiac disease

A

-Maximize occupational performance
-Endurance
-ADLs and exercise
-Safety

126
Q

What are common parameters measures during activity for individuals with heart disease?

A

-Heart rate
-Systolic and diastolic pressure
-Rate pressure product (perceived exertion)
-Breathing frequency

127
Q

What percent of U.S adults have chronic lung disease (asthma or COPD)

A

15%

128
Q

(T/F) Lung disease is the highest cause of mortality in the U.S

A

False (3rd- 5% of deaths)

129
Q

Non communicable respiratory diseases

A

Asthma, restrictive lung disease

130
Q

Factors affecting pulmonary health in elders

A

-Impaired oxygen transport: physical inactivity, noncommunicable diseases, cardiovascular abnormalities, sarcopenia (muscles get smaller)
-Lifestyle factors

131
Q

COPD

A

-Emphysema and chronic bronchitis (airflow obstruction impacts gas exchange)
-Lungs are damaged
-Preventable but also progressive

132
Q

COPD risk factors

A

Smoking, environmental pollutants, history of asthma

133
Q

COPD and CO2 retention

A

-Either not getting enough oxygen or not being able to exhale enough CO2 (retention)
-CO2 builds up in blood making it difficult to breathe
-Damages alveoli in lungs
-Airways narrow, CO2 gets trapped and takes up space
-Makes COPD more difficult to manage

134
Q

Alveoli damage in COPD

A

-Alveoli is where oxygen and CO2 is passed between blood and air in the lungs
-COPD there are fewer healthy alveoli and fewer places where this exchange can happen (oxygen can’t get into blood, CO2 gets trapped in the lungs)
-Over time patients retain more and more CO2 and an imbalance is created between blood oxygen and CO2 levels (oxygen deprivation)

135
Q

Ventilation-perfusion mismatch

A

When the body gets confused about which parts of the lungs to prioritize, reduces efficiency of gas exchange

136
Q

Hypercapnia

A

When your blood CO2 gets too high
- leads to serious breathing problems and low levels of oxygen in the blood

137
Q

Clavicular vs. diaphragmatic breathing

A

Clavicular- too shallow to be effective
Diaphragmatic- difficult for most patients especially when they are used to clavicular breathing

138
Q

General symptoms of CO2 retention

A

-Mild headaches
-Drowsiness, fogginess, or sleepiness
-Lack of energy
-Inability to focus
-Dizziness
-Shortness of breath

139
Q

Hypercapnia (CO2 gets too high) symptoms

A

-Unexplained confusion
-Abnormal muscle twitching
-Abnormal depression/paranoia
-Irregular heart beat
-Bluish tint skin or lips
-Edema in hands/feet
-Hyperventilation
-Seizures or loss of consciousness

140
Q

Causes of CO2 retention

A

-Supplemental oxygen at a rate that is too high (red blood cells are dropped and CO2 replaces oxygen)…avoid this by following direct prescription…blood saturation at 90%
-Severe emphysema (lungs are enlarged and less stretchy, pushing out air is difficult and air gets trapped)

141
Q

Treatment for COPD/CO2 retention

A

-Pursed-lips breathing
-Diaphragmatic breathing
-Both help empty lungs more

142
Q

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

-Acute life-threatening inflammatory reaction to illness or trauma
-Around 200,000 annual causes in the U.S

143
Q

ARDS complications

A

Severe pneumonia, sepsis, major trauma
-severity influenced by age, co-morbidities, and alcohol consumption
-50% of cases are fatal

144
Q

How does inflammation hurt the lungs?

A

Fluid build up in alveoli, compromising gas exchange, difficulty breathing, and increased risk or respiratory failure

145
Q

Interstitial lung disease (ILD)

A

Group of disorders that share similar clinical profiles

146
Q

Characteristics of ILD

A

Scarring of pulmonary interstitial, includes walls of alveoli and spaces around blood vessels
-progressive lung stiffness

147
Q

(T/F) Lung scarring is reversible

A

False

148
Q

Therapists role in acute care for pulmonary disease

A

-Early mobilization
-Monitoring vitals with activity
-Education
-Restoration of function
-Individuals with respiratory disorders have a compromised ability to perform ADLs…teach energy conservation

OT 401: OP & Context for Older Adults (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions