Final Exam - Week 5 Flashcards
what are normal procedures suspended/extraordinary measures are taken to limit impact of hazard.
an emergency
What is suffering exceeds capacity of community to respond?
a disaster
What is a disaster in terms of needs and resources?
Needs>Resources
What is a mass casualty incident (MCI)?
numerous deaths, injuries, disabilities or emotional distress
What is an ability to expand care capabilities in response to a disaster?
surge capacity
What are stages of management?
prevention -> preparedness -> response -> recovery
What is most cost effective?
disaster management: prevention/mitigation
What is mitigation?
efforts to reduce the impact of disasters before they occur.
What is the 1st step to disaster management: prevention/management?
risk assessment
What is a process to determine the nature and extent of the probability of harmful consequences (risks) resulting from the interaction between hazards and vulnerabilities?
risk assessment
What 2 things equal risk assessment?
hazards + vulnerabilities
What 2 things is a risk assessment different from?
needs assessment (response) & community assessment (recovery)
What man-made hazards have the potential to cause a disaster in Southern Arizona?
idk
What are examples of man-made hazards?
Accidental fires/explosions Chemical spills Car Accidents Aviation or train crashes Nuclear accidents Power grid outage Violence Terrorism Mass shootings
What are agents that can produce many casualties and pose a risk to national security through harm of our people and infrastructure, especially critical services?
Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)
What is the mnemonic that goes with Weapons of Mass Destruction?
CBRNE
What does the pneumonic stand for?
- C - Chemical
- B - Biological
- R - Radiological
- N - Nuclear
- E - Explosive
What are class A biological agents that pose risk to national security?
- easily disseminated (not necessarily contagious)
- high mortality rates
- cause public panic and social disruption
- major public health impact.
What are agents that are class A biological agents?
- anthrax
- botulism
- plague
- smallpox
- tularemia
- viral hemorrhagic
What are examples of natural hazards?
Drought Floods/Flash Flooding Severe Wind Wildfires Landslides Dust Storms Extreme Heat Earthquakes Natural Disease Outbreaks
What are nursing interventions for decreasing vulnerabilities?
- risk assessment - surveillance
- community education - health teaching
- immunizations - delegated functions
- screening
- advocacy
- policy development and enforcement
- coalition building
- community organizing
- disease and health event investigation
What are involved in preparedness?
- personal
- professional
- community
What are 3 ways for sheltering in place and evacuation?
- make a (to go) kit
- make a plan
- stay informed
How can you make a plan for sheltering in place and evacuation?
- evacuation
- contact information
- meeting place
- dependents care
How can you stay informed for sheltering in place and evacuation?
- UA Alert
- Arizona Emergency Information Network
- NOAA Radio All Hazards WXL30
- Emergency Alerts
- Twitter Alerts
What are 4 ways to have professional preparedness?
1. prepare a "go to work" bag 2. duty to report 3. know your employer's disaster plan 4. understand the Incident Command System. 5. register to respond!
What are 2 paid opportunities for disaster nursing?
- U.S. Public Health Service
2. National Disaster Medical System Disaster Medical Assistance Teams
What kind of officers are in the U.S. Public Health Service?
Non-military uniformed and commissioned officers
What do people in the U.S. Public Health Service serve as?
FT federal employees
What is the purpose of the U.S. Public Health Service?
Health promotion, disease prevention and disaster response with underserved and vulnerable populations
What is the situation with volunteers and employees in the National Disaster Medical System Disaster Medical Alliance Teams?
Availability and training as volunteers. Deploy as temporary federal employees.
What does the ARS 26-314 Immunity and limited liability for emergency responders require?
Requires the state to provide liability coverage and legal defense to emergency workers who act within the scope of their assigned duties
What is the exception to the ARS 26-314 Immunity and limited liability for emergency responders require?
Willful misconduct, gross negligence or bad faith
What constitutes an emergency worker?
Means any person who is registered, whether temporary or permanent, paid or volunteer
What 4 things are involved in community preparedness?
- working with planning groups
- Teaching disaster planning to aggregates and communities.
- Assisting communities develop and update disaster plans.
- Practice drills
What are types of practice drills?
- tabletops
- functional exercises
- full scale exercise
What are the nursing roles during a disaster response?
- rapid needs assessment.
- emergency and primary health care
- shelter management
- communicable disease control
- behavioral health
- community education
What is under emergency and primary health care as a nursing role for disaster response?
- triage
- mass preventative and curative care
- care of chronic illnesses
What is under shelter management as a nursing role for disaster response?
special needs shelters
What is under communicable disease control as a nursing role for disaster response?
mass prophylaxis
What is the order in disaster response?
- response
- nursing roles
- triage
What is a triage?
to sort
What two things is the response-nursing roles-triage based on?
- Based on the need for immediate medical care
2. Based on limited clinical data
What does the response-nursing roles-triage require?
requires recognizing futility
What does the response-nursing roles-triage consider?
resources/conditions
What is the response-nursing roles-triage main ethical principle?
utilitarianism
What does the response-nursing roles-triage assume?
Needs>resources and resources will be available in time
What are the disaster triage tools?
- START
- jump START
- Triage Sieve
- SALT triage
- MASS triage
- Care Flight triage
What are assessment categories that vary per tool?
- ability to walk
- presence of aspirations
- respiration rate
- Cap refill/perfusion
- obey commands
- pulse
What is the red-immediate disaster triage?
life threatening but treatable; requires immediate medical care
What is the yellow-delayed disaster triage?
potentially serious but can wait fora short while for medical care.
What is the green-minor disaster triage?
injuries; can wait for longer periods of time
What is the black disaster triage?
dying or dead
What is the gray disaster triage?
expectant; dying; requires palliative care
What 2 things are Response Strategic National Stockpile?
- medical supplies and pharmaceuticals
2. supplements and resupplies state and local agencies.
What is included in the strategic national stockpile?
Broad-spectrum antibiotics Vaccines IV fluids and admin kits Airway equipment Bandages Chemical antidotes PPE for health care workers Antitoxins Ventilators Chelating agents, Prussian Blue, Potassium Iodide, Growth Factors/Cytokines for WBCs Other drugs for emergency conditions
What is the nurses 1st role in recovery?
community assessment.... Basic needs Dependent/high risk populations Pets and presence of stray animals Infestations Child care/schools Sanitation Utilities Transportation Access to communication Prevalence of chronic disease/infectious diseases/mental health issues/injuries
What are nursing interventions in recovery?
Screening Referral & Follow-up Case Management Health Teaching Counseling Consultation Coalition Building Community Organizing Advocacy Social Marketing Policy Development and Enforcement Surveillance Disease Health Event and Investigation Outreach
What are the risks to populations post disaster?
Exacerbation of chronic health problems Mental Health: PTSD; depression; behavioral problems; exacerbation of pre-existing disorders (suicide???) Carbon monoxide poisoning Hypo/hyperthermia Injuries (CDC: Prevent injury after Disasters) Wounds Head trauma Broken bones Electrocution (downed power lines) Amputation (chain saw accidents) Drowning Eye Burns Infectious diseases (CDC: Prevent Illness after Disasters) Food and water borne illnesses (Hepatitis A, dysentery) Animal-borne (rabies and leptospirosis) Insect-borne Tetanus Mold
What is a nurse’s other role?
mitigation
Why is mitigation critical?
because that’s when people are most motivated
What does mitigation in a nurses role include?
- lessons learned
- evaluation of prevention and preparedness activities
- planning for future hazards and disasters
- prevention
