Exam 1 - week 1 Flashcards
What is the science and practice of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities?
public health
What 3 things does public health do?
- PROMOTE healthy lifestyles
- PREVENT injury and disease
- DETECT and RESPOND to disasters and disease outbreaks
What is the working definition for the practice of public health?
10 essential services of public health
What describes the public health activities that should be taken in all communities?
10 essential services of public health
What serves as a basis for local health departments accreditation standards?
10 essential services of public health.
What 2 terms are interchangeable?
populations and communities
What do populations and communities have in common?
- may live in the same geographic area.
- may have shared characteristics –Age, race, ethnicity, religion, occupation, education, health status, disability, or sexual orientation
- May live with a specific health problem
What are aggregates?
groups within a population
What is the practice of promoting and protecting the health of populations using knowledge from nursing, social, and public health sciences
population health nursing
what kind of prevention does PHN emphasize?
primary prevention
What is the principle client in PHN?
populations
What are the 3 practice settings of nurses in PHN?
- Government
- non-government –> community health centers, outpatient clinics, social service agencies, worksites, shelters, faith-based organizations, international organizations.
- hospitals
What is the Minnesota wheel?
intervention model for PHN
What defines the scope of PHN?
Minnesota wheel
What are the 3 levels of practice within the Minnesota wheel?
individual, communities, systems
How many different interventions are in the Minnesota wheel?
16
What are the PHN interventions?
Surveillance Disease and health event investigation Outreach Screening Case-finding Referral and Follow-up Case management Delegated functions Health teaching Counseling Consultation Collaboration Coalition-building Community organizing Advocacy Social marketing Policy development and enforcement
What is a 10-year national agenda for improving the health of the entire US population?
Healthy people 2030
What does the social determinants of health (SDOH) mean?
Impact of “place” on health: where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, & age
What does the SDOH entail?
social and physical environment
What do SDOH affect?
a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.
What can SDOH limit?
opportunities for good health choices
What are the 5 key domains for SDOH?
- economic stability
- education
- social and community context
- health and health care
- neighborhood and built environment
What is the goal of addressing SDOH?
- The goal of addressing SDOH is to support an equal opportunity to health
- Create an environment where people can make good choices about their health and health care.
What are the range of factors that contribute to a person’s or populations health?
determinants of health
What are the 4 determinants of health?
- biology and genetics
- individual behavior
- SDOH (social and environmental factors, health care)
What are the 4 stages in the natural history of disease?
- stage of susceptibility.
- stage of early subclinical disease
- stage of clinical disease
- stage of recovery or disability
What is the stage of susceptibility?
before the health problems exists
What is the stage of early subclinical disease?
Health problem exists in early stages where it is not recognized and/or treated.
What is the stage of clinical disease?
Established health problem with signs and symptoms requiring active treatment.
What is the stage of recovery and disability
Established health problem includes rehabilitation and terminal stages
What type of prevention targets conditions in the environment (SDOH) associated with disease?
primordial prevention
What type of prevention targets a disease before its onset?
primary prevention
What type of prevention targets an asymptomatic disease in order to detect and treat early enough to cure or prevent disability?
secondary prevention
What type of prevention targets an established and usually permanent health problem?
tertiary prevention
What are 3 examples of primordial prevention?
- Advocacy: Lobbying for increased access to healthy foods options
- Advocacy: Membership on a board or coalition advocating for a new shelter
- Community organizing: Organizing a health career fair for high school students
What are 2 examples of primary prevention?
- Designated functions: Most immunizations preventing communicable diseases (COVID vaccines)
- Referral: Teeth sealants preventing teeth decay
What are 2 examples of secondary prevention?
- Designated functions: TB skin tests/tx for latent TB infection preventing progression to TB disease (COVID Diagnostic Testing PRC or antigen )
- Screening: BP screening/treatment preventing damage to arteries, heart muscle and stroke
What are 2 examples of tertiary prevention?
- Health teaching: Diabetes education
2. Counseling: Support groups for people living with long term complications of COVID infection.
This program aims to “Attain healthy, thriving lives and well-being, free of preventable disease, disability, injury and premature death”, which is one of the ____________.
A. Public Health Interventions (Course Materials p8)
B. 10 Essential Services (Course Materials p13)
C. HP 2030 overarching goals (Course Materials p19)
D. ANA Standards of Practice for Public Health Nursing (Course Materials p11)
HP 2030 overarching goals
Which stage in the natural history of Rx drug abuse does this program primarily intervene? A. Stage of Susceptibility B. Stage of Early Subclinical Disease C. Stage of Clinical Disease D. Stage of Recovery or Disability
D. stage of recovery or disability
Which level(s) of preventing RX drug abuse does this primarily address? A. Primordial B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary
D. Tertiary
Who was Lillian Wald?
Lillian D. Wald was a nurse, social worker, public health official, teacher, author, editor, publisher, woman’s rights activist, and the founder of American community nursing.
What was her contribution to public health?
- COINED THE term “public health nurse.” 2. She believed that public health nurses must treat social and economic problems, not simply take care of sick people.
What was the focus of her work?
- Wald pioneered public health nursing by placing nurses in public schools, and by helping found the National Organization for Public Health Nursing and Columbia University’s School of Nursing.
- The Visiting Nurse Service of New York, started by Wald at the Settlement, broke off as a separate entity in 1944.
