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N473 > Exam 3 - week 4 > Flashcards

Exam 3 - week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health info and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.

A

health literacy

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2
Q

What percent of adults have health literacy?

A

12%

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3
Q

What are the 4 things poor health literacy leads to?

A
  1. Higher health care usage
  2. Problems understanding treatment
  3. Problems taking medications
  4. Shorter life expectancy
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4
Q

What 2 things does low health literacy not equal?

A
  1. low literacy

2. low intelligence

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5
Q

What does health literacy equal?

A

a global problem

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6
Q

What 2 types of tools are most effective for leadership delivery?

A
  1. A/V

2. new media

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7
Q

What are 4 successful education techniques?

A
  1. teach back
  2. reward/positive reinforcement
  3. social reinforcement
  4. gamification
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8
Q

What is the power of animation? (2 things)

A
  1. Well proven for its engagement potential

2. Ability to address sensitive/delicate issues with cross-cultural reach and receptivity

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9
Q

What does adding gamification create?

A

creates almost limitless health literacy impact potential

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10
Q

What is a central focus of healthy people 2030?

A

health literacy

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11
Q

What is one of health people 2030’s overarching goals?

A

Eliminate health disparities, achieve health equity, and attain health literacy to improve the health and well-being of all

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12
Q

What are the 6 healthy people objectives?

A
  1. Increase the proportion of adults whose health care provider checked their understanding
  2. Decrease the proportion of adults who report poor communication with their health care provider
  3. Increase the proportion of adults whose health care providers involved them in decisions as much as they wanted
  4. Increase the proportion of people who say their online medical record is easy to understand
  5. Increase the proportion of adults with limited English proficiency who say their providers explain things clearly
  6. Increase the health literacy of the population
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13
Q

what is the degree to which individuals have the ability to find, understand, and use info and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others?

A

personal health literacy as defined by healthy people 2030

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14
Q

What is the degree to which organizations equitably enable individuals to find, understand, and use info and services to inform health-related decisions and actions for themselves and others.

A

organizational health literacy as defined by healthy people 2030

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15
Q

What are the new healthy people 2030 definitions for health literacy? (hint: 4)

A
  1. Emphasize people’s ability to use health information rather than just understand it
  2. Focus on the ability to make “well-informed” decisions rather than “appropriate” ones
  3. Incorporate a public health perspective
  4. Acknowledge that organizations have a responsibility to address health literacy
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16
Q

What is the new healthy people 2030’s definition personal health literacy is aligned with

A

the concept that people’s health literacy can be assessed at a given point in time.

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17
Q

What does organizational health literacy emphasize?

A

emphasizes organizations’ responsibilities to equitably address health literacy, in line with health people 2030’s overarching goals.
- health literacy is contextual

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18
Q

Health literacy is a priority in what 2 things?

A
  1. disease prevention

2. health promotion

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19
Q

What 4 things is health literacy for individuals and communities essential for?

A

a. understanding a health risk
b. voting on an environmental issue
c. recognizing biases in health info reported by the media
d. or, responding to alerts and warnings, such as those for severe weather.

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20
Q

4 factors of the public health system that affect how people understand and use health info:

A
  1. Communication skills of public health professionals
  2. Level of complexity and novelty of the health info
  3. Cultural and linguistic suitability of health info and services
  4. Public health infrastructure that facilitates and supports healthy behaviors.
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21
Q

What is an individuals ability to read, write, and speak in English, and compute and solve problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job and in society, to achieve one’s goals, and develop one’s knowledge and potential:

A

literacy

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22
Q

What is applying literacy skills to a health context, skills and knowledge we have about a wide range of health topics and circumstances, and involves cultural influences on both the professional and the public?

A

health literacy

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23
Q

What are 4 individuals factors that affect health literacy?

A
  1. literacy skills
  2. health knowledge
  3. demographics culture
  4. experience
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24
Q

What are 3 system/professional factors that affect health literacy?

A
  1. public health practice
  2. public health infrastructure
  3. public health workforce
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25
Q

true or false: cultural and linguistic skills of public health professionals can contribute to health literacy.

A

true

26
Q

true or false: data from the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS) and the 2003 National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL) show that literacy skills changes a lot in the adult population.

A

false; it changes very little

27
Q

According to the NAAL, what percent of adults do not have the full range of health literacy needed to prevent disease and protect their health?

A

88%

28
Q

What kinds of skills do adults have on the below basic level?

A
  • have only the most elementary literacy skills.
  • non-literate in English
  • locate easily identifiable information in short, commonplace prose text.
29
Q

What might an adult at a below basic level of health literacy be able to do?

A

might be able to locate and circle the date of a medical appointment on a hospital appointment slip.

30
Q

What kinds of skills do adults have on the basic level?

A
  • perform simple, everyday activities such as reading and understanding information in short, commonplace texts.
31
Q

What might an adult at the basic level of health literacy be able to do?

A

An adult at the basic literacy level might be able to state two reasons a person with no symptoms of a disease should be tested for the disease, based on information in a clearly written pamphlet.

32
Q

What kinds of skills do adults have on the intermediate level?

A

have the literacy skills necessary to perform moderately challenging activities, such as summarizing written text, determining cause and effect and making simple inferences.

33
Q

What might an adult at the intermediate level of health literacy be able to do?

A

might be able to determine a healthy weight range for a person of a specified height, on the basis of a graph that relates height and weight to body mass. index.

34
Q

What kinds of skills do adults have on the proficient level?

A

can perform complex activities, such as integrating, synthesizing and analyzing multiple pieces of information.

35
Q

What might an adult at the proficient level of health literacy be able to do?

A

b. An adult at the proficient level might find the information required to define a medical term by searching through a document.

36
Q

Adults with below basic health literacy are more likely to be what age?

A

age 65 or older.

37
Q

What 5 things are individuals with limited health literacy?

A
  1. Are less frequent users of preventive services such as mammograms, pap smears, and flu shots
  2. Are less effective at managing chronic diseases such as high blood pressure, diabetes, asthma, and HIV/AIDS
  3. Have higher rates of hospitalization and use of emergency services
  4. Are more likely to report their health as poor
  5. Report a sense of shame about their literacy skills
38
Q

At the community level, limited health literacy can result in what 4 things?

A
  1. Misunderstandings about public health warnings about food safety
  2. Missed opportunities for services, such as free vaccines and preventive screenings
  3. Lack of preparation for emergencies, such as severe weather, bioterrorism attacks and evacuations
  4. Missed warnings regarding environmental health and safety, such as contaminated water
39
Q

What is vital to the work we do as public health officials?

A

communication

40
Q

What 5 things should health professionals consider when developing health messages?

A
  1. Identify the intended audience and define their key health problems or interests from their perspective.
  2. Get to know the intended audience. This includes gender, ethnicity, location, beliefs, behaviors, culture, literacy skills, and current knowledge about the identified topic.
  3. Determine key messages. Be sure to test them with the intended audience to ensure they will be received appropriately.
  4. Determine the best ways to communicate messages to the audience, whether through written, in-person, audio, or video formats.
  5. Decide how to distribute the materials to the audience, for example, through postal mail, electronic mail, brochures, displays, or a Web page.
41
Q

What do stakeholders do for health literacy?

A

play a critical role in improving health literacy for both individuals and communities.

42
Q

What 4 things can knowing your stakeholders do?

A

a. Improving communication
b. Increasing public access to recommended preventive care
c. Improving health status
d. Increasing efficiency and cost savings to the health system as a whole

43
Q

In 1988, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended that federal, state and local health agencies increase their administrative capabilities in which areas?

A
  1. assessment
  2. policy development
  3. assurance
44
Q

What are the two essential services in public health assessment?

A
  1. Monitoring health status to identify and solve community health problems
  2. Diagnosing and investigating health problems and health hazards in the community
45
Q

What are the three essential services in public health policy development?

A
  1. Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues.
  2. Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems.
  3. Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts.
46
Q

What are the four essential services of assurance?

A
  1. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety.
  2. Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of healthcare when otherwise unavailable.
  3. Assure a competent public health and personal health- care workforce.
  4. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services.
47
Q

What do essential public health services describe?

A

describe the public health activities that should be undertaken in all communities.

48
Q

What 4 things is health literacy important for?

A
  1. Designing and delivering public information campaigns
  2. Conducting community outreach and education
  3. Providing local services such as immunizations or inspections
  4. Issuing warnings or alerts
49
Q

What are the 4 most common barriers to health literacy?

A
  1. use of technical or medical terminology
  2. reliance on print communication
  3. focusing on info rather than action
  4. limited awareness of cultural differences
50
Q

What are 7 strategies that you can use to help make your messages more understandable?

A
  1. Use plain language.
  2. Use culturally and linguistically appropriate messages.
  3. Design messages that are participatory and user-centered.
  4. Evaluate the effectiveness of communications.
  5. Engage regularly with the communities who are targeted by the communication.
  6. Consider the current literacy level of the intended audience, and design messages based on that level.
  7. Use limited messages
51
Q

What are the 4 guiding principles to

A
  1. ensure public health information and services are appropriate, actionable, and easy to understand and use
  2. Involve representatives from your target audiences in planning, implementing, disseminating, and evaluating health information and services.
  3. Develop key partnerships to help facilitate change, influence behavior and generate interest in health literacy.
  4. Support changes to improve public health professionals’ health literacy skills.
52
Q

What is a structured product development method that involves users throughout all stages of materials and message development. Involving users ensures that products and information meet their needs.?

A

user-centered design

53
Q

true or false: Plain language is a communication style that users can understand the first time they read or hear it.

A

true

54
Q

What does plain language include?

A
  1. Familiar language in an active voice
  2. Placement of important information first
  3. “Chunking” similar information into smaller groups
  4. Using bullets for information in a series or a list
    - avoid jargon
    - use everyday examples
55
Q

Why do we involve users at the beginning of the planning process for health literacy? (4 reasons)

A
  1. Identify information needs and gaps of the population.
  2. Identify preferred or trusted sources of health information, such as the library, television, healthcare providers, and others.
  3. Identify literacy levels of the target population.
  4. Identify how products or information will be used.
56
Q

What is the purpose of evaluation?

A

to determine how well your program activities were implemented.

57
Q

What does evaluation allow you to do?

A

allows you to revise your activities based on feedback from your target audience.

58
Q

What 3 things help improve health literacy in the work place?

A
  1. clear communication
  2. cultural competence
  3. effective message delivery
59
Q

According to healthy people 2010, how can public and private efforts support health professionals:

A
  1. training them to develop appropriate written materials

2. improving their skills in communicating with persons with limited literacy.

60
Q

Why is it important to establish a good relationship with the media?

A

as they are trusted sources and serve to disseminate timely health information to the public.

61
Q

While working with the media, ensure efforts to: (3 things)

A
  1. Increase media awareness of health literacy issues and audience needs.
  2. Make scientific information easier to understand for all types of audiences.
  3. Target media that serve ethnically and linguistically diverse groups.

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