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PID > Final Exam Vaccines > Flashcards

Final Exam Vaccines Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 major components of a vaccine?

A
  1. antigens to induce immunity

2. control infectious disease

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2
Q

What 3 things do vaccines contain other than antigens?

A
  1. preservatives and stabilizers
  2. specific antibiotics
  3. adjuvant- enchancing the immune resp. to Ag
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3
Q

Why are antibiotics found in vaccines?

A

to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth

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4
Q

a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents

A

Adjuvant

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5
Q

What are 2 reasons adjuvants are added to vaccines?

A
  1. delay release of Ag from injection site

2. induce secretion of chemokines by leukocytes

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6
Q

What are 2 examples of adjuvants?

A

aluminum hydroxide and saponin

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of adjuvants?

A
  1. depot adjuvants
  2. particulate adjuvants
  3. immunostimulatory adjuvants
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8
Q

which type of adjuvant slows the removal of antigen and prolong immune response?

A

depot

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9
Q

What type of adjuvant enhances antigen presentation and enhances cell mediated immunity?

A

particulate adjuvants

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10
Q

what type of adjuvant stimulates TLRs and enhances antibody production?

A

Immunostimulatory adjuvants

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11
Q

List some components of an ideal vaccine:

A
  1. inexpensive
  2. consistant
  3. stable
  4. proper immune resp.
  5. range of immunological epitopes
  6. long-lived immunity
  7. no side effects
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12
Q

What are the 3 types of infectious vaccines?

A
  1. Live attenuated vaccines
  2. Recombinant vaccines
  3. marker vaccines
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13
Q

a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or functional viruses whose disease-producing ability has been weakened but whose immunogenic properties have not.

A

Live attenuated vaccine

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14
Q

which type of vaccine causes low level infection and does not induce significan tissue pathology or clinical disease?

A

live attenuated vaccine

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15
Q

What are the 2 pros of using live attenuated vaccine?

A
  1. rapid onset of immunity

2. sustained immunity after single dose

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16
Q

What are 3 cons of using live attenuated vaccines?

A
  1. potlential for reversion
  2. virulence in the immunocompromised
  3. less stable in storage
17
Q

Type of vaccine that use an attenuated virus or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body.

A

Recombinant organism vaccine

18
Q

T/F. Adjuvant is not required for recominant vaccines?

19
Q

A vaccine that permits discrimination b/t a vaccinal and an exposure immune response

A

Marker vaccine

20
Q

What are the 3 types of non-infectious vaccines?

A
  1. Killed whole organism vaccines
  2. Subunit vaccines
  3. Naked DNA vaccines
21
Q

T/F. killed whole vaccines are unable to replicate

22
Q

What are the pros of attenuated live vaccines?

A
  1. rapid onset of immunioty
  2. may immunize others in pop.
  3. sustained immunity
23
Q

what are the cons of attenuated live vaccines>

A
  1. possible reversion
  2. virulent in the compromised
  3. less stable in storage
  4. may cause immune suppression
24
Q

what are the pros of inactivated vaccines?

A
  1. Safe
  2. No interference with other vaccines
  3. stable in storage
25
Q

What are the cons of inactivated vaccines?

A
  1. slow onset immunity
  2. multiple boosters
  3. adjuvant- adverse effects
  4. reduced degree of protection vs. live
26
Q

Vaccines that contain immunological structural proteins or metabolites of an org.

A

subunit vaccines

27
Q

what 3 things can be found in subunit vaccines?

A
  1. purified proteins
  2. synthetic peptides
  3. recombinant proteins
28
Q

Type of vaccine where a gene of interest from a pathogen is cloned to a plasmid, which is deliverd directly into animal.

A

Naked DNA vaccine

29
Q

Artificial induction of immunity to protection from infectious diseases

A

vaccination/ immunization

30
Q

What are the 2 types of immunization

A
  1. active

2. passive

31
Q

What are 4 characteristics of passive immunization

A
  1. performed antibodies administered
  2. to a particular antigen
  3. immediate immunological protection
  4. temp. protection
32
Q

Which type of immunization sensitizes recipient for a hypersensitivity reaction, and inhibits the endogenous Ab response?

33
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of active immunization?

A
  1. antigens administered
  2. immune resp. induced
  3. humoral/cell mediated resp.
  4. immunological memory
34
Q

What are the 4 levels of protection of active immunization?

A
  1. strong protective= no infection
  2. infected, but clinically well
  3. infected with reduced form
  4. failure = no protection
35
Q

What are the 3 methods of vaccine delivery?

A
  1. injection
  2. intranasal
  3. needle free

PID (9 decks)

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