Final Exam Vaccines

Question 1

What are the 2 major components of a vaccine?

Answer 1

1. antigens to induce immunity

2. control infectious disease

Question 2

What 3 things do vaccines contain other than antigens?

Answer 2

1. preservatives and stabilizers
2. specific antibiotics
3. adjuvant- enchancing the immune resp. to Ag

Question 3

Why are antibiotics found in vaccines?

Answer 3

to inhibit bacterial and fungal growth

Question 4

a pharmacological or immunological agent that modifies the effect of other agents

Answer 4

Adjuvant

Question 5

What are 2 reasons adjuvants are added to vaccines?

Answer 5

1. delay release of Ag from injection site

2. induce secretion of chemokines by leukocytes

Question 6

What are 2 examples of adjuvants?

Answer 6

aluminum hydroxide and saponin

Question 7

What are the 3 types of adjuvants?

Answer 7

1. depot adjuvants
2. particulate adjuvants
3. immunostimulatory adjuvants

Question 8

which type of adjuvant slows the removal of antigen and prolong immune response?

Answer 8

depot

Question 9

What type of adjuvant enhances antigen presentation and enhances cell mediated immunity?

Answer 9

particulate adjuvants

Question 10

what type of adjuvant stimulates TLRs and enhances antibody production?

Answer 10

Immunostimulatory adjuvants

Question 11

List some components of an ideal vaccine:

Answer 11

1. inexpensive
2. consistant
3. stable
4. proper immune resp.
5. range of immunological epitopes
6. long-lived immunity
7. no side effects

Question 12

What are the 3 types of infectious vaccines?

Answer 12

1. Live attenuated vaccines
2. Recombinant vaccines
3. marker vaccines

Question 13

a vaccine prepared from live microorganisms or functional viruses whose disease-producing ability has been weakened but whose immunogenic properties have not.

Answer 13

Live attenuated vaccine

Question 14

which type of vaccine causes low level infection and does not induce significan tissue pathology or clinical disease?

Answer 14

live attenuated vaccine

Question 15

What are the 2 pros of using live attenuated vaccine?

Answer 15

1. rapid onset of immunity

2. sustained immunity after single dose

Question 16

What are 3 cons of using live attenuated vaccines?

Answer 16

1. potlential for reversion
2. virulence in the immunocompromised
3. less stable in storage

Question 17

Type of vaccine that use an attenuated virus or bacterium to introduce microbial DNA to cells of the body.

Answer 17

Recombinant organism vaccine

Question 18

T/F. Adjuvant is not required for recominant vaccines?

Answer 18

T

Question 19

A vaccine that permits discrimination b/t a vaccinal and an exposure immune response

Answer 19

Marker vaccine

Question 20

What are the 3 types of non-infectious vaccines?

Answer 20

1. Killed whole organism vaccines
2. Subunit vaccines
3. Naked DNA vaccines

Question 21

T/F. killed whole vaccines are unable to replicate

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What are the pros of attenuated live vaccines?

Answer 22

1. rapid onset of immunioty
2. may immunize others in pop.
3. sustained immunity

Question 23

what are the cons of attenuated live vaccines>

Answer 23

1. possible reversion
2. virulent in the compromised
3. less stable in storage
4. may cause immune suppression

Question 24

what are the pros of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 24

1. Safe
2. No interference with other vaccines
3. stable in storage

Question 25

What are the cons of inactivated vaccines?

Answer 25

1. slow onset immunity 2. multiple boosters 3. adjuvant- adverse effects 4. reduced degree of protection vs. live

Question 26

Vaccines that contain immunological structural proteins or metabolites of an org.

Answer 26

subunit vaccines

Question 27

what 3 things can be found in subunit vaccines?

Answer 27

1. purified proteins 2. synthetic peptides 3. recombinant proteins

Question 28

Type of vaccine where a gene of interest from a pathogen is cloned to a plasmid, which is deliverd directly into animal.

Answer 28

Naked DNA vaccine

Question 29

Artificial induction of immunity to protection from infectious diseases

Answer 29

vaccination/ immunization

Question 30

What are the 2 types of immunization

Answer 30

1. active | 2. passive

Question 31

What are 4 characteristics of passive immunization

Answer 31

1. performed antibodies administered 2. to a particular antigen 3. immediate immunological protection 4. temp. protection

Question 32

Which type of immunization sensitizes recipient for a hypersensitivity reaction, and inhibits the endogenous Ab response?

Answer 32

Passive

Question 33

What are the 4 characteristics of active immunization?

Answer 33

1. antigens administered 2. immune resp. induced 3. humoral/cell mediated resp. 4. immunological memory

Question 34

What are the 4 levels of protection of active immunization?

Answer 34

1. strong protective= no infection 2. infected, but clinically well 3. infected with reduced form 4. failure = no protection

Question 35

What are the 3 methods of vaccine delivery?

Answer 35

1. injection 2. intranasal 3. needle free