Final Exam: Disease Reservoirs & Transmission

Question 1

what is the latent period?

Answer 1

microbe is replicating, but not yet enough for the host to become infectious

Question 2

What is the incubation period?

Answer 2

microbe is replicating but not symptomatic yet

Question 3

T/F the latent period and the incubation period always correlate with eachother?

Answer 3

F

Question 4

Disease caused by the invasion and multiplication of a living agent in/on a host

Answer 4

Infectious disease

Question 5

Invasion, but not multiplication of and organism in/on a host

Answer 5

Infestation

Question 6

Disease transmissible from one human/animal to another via direct or airborne routes

Answer 6

Contagious

Question 7

Disease caused by an agent capable of transmission by direct, airborne, or indirect routes from an infected animal or a contaminated inanimate object.

Answer 7

communicable

Question 8

disease that is transmitted from animals to humans

Answer 8

Zoonotic disease

Question 9

Disease transmission is a result from the interaction between ____, _____, and _____

Answer 9

Host, Agent, Environment

Question 10

Habitat in which an infectious agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies

Answer 10

Reservoir

Question 11

How long do reservoirs maintain pathogens?

Answer 11

from year to year or generation to generation

Question 12

What 3 ways can pathogens interact with reservoirs?

Answer 12

1. mutate
2. evade immunity
3. chronic infections with minimal symptoms

Question 13

An animal is a reservoir if you answer yes to all three of these questions:

Answer 13

1. is it naturally infected with pathogen?
2. can that species maintain the pathogen over time?
   3 can this source transmit the disease to new host?

Question 14

What are the 2 types of vertical transmission?

Answer 14

1. transplacental/congenital

2. perinatal

Question 15

What are the 2 types of horizontal transmission?

Answer 15

1. Direct

2. indirect

Question 16

What are the 2 types of direct transmission?

Answer 16

1. projection

2. contact

Question 17

What are the 2 types and subtypes of indirect transmision?

Answer 17

1. Vehicle
   Common and fomite
2. vector
   biological and mechanical

Question 18

What is vertical transmission

Answer 18

from a reservoir host to it’s offspring

Question 19

pathogens that are transmitted across the placenta

Answer 19

transplacental/congenital

Question 20

pathogens that are passed to offspring during parturition via colostrum

Answer 20

perinatal

Question 21

What is horizontal transmission?

Answer 21

from the reservoir to a new host

Question 22

type of horizontal transmission where pathogens are transmitted directly from reservoir to host

Answer 22

Direct

Question 23

Type of horizontal transmission where pathogens are transmitted via any sort of intermediary, animate, or inanimate

Answer 23

Indirect

Question 24

What are the 3 types of horizontal Direct transmission

Answer 24

1. direct contact- skin to skin
2. direct projection- wet, large, short range aerosols
3. Airborne

Question 25

Type of horizontal indirect transmission where an inanimate object transmits pathogen

Answer 25

vehicle

Question 26

Type of horizontal, indirect, transmission where a living organism serves to communicate disease

Answer 26

vector

Question 27

What are the 2 types of vehicles?

Answer 27

1. common- food, water, drugs

2. Fomites- Gloves, boots

Question 28

What are the 2 types of vectors?

Answer 28

1. mechanical- does not have life cycle in vector

2. biological- undergoes changes or multiplies in vector