Final Exam: Microbial Genetics

Question 1

What is the building block of nucleic acids

Answer 1

Nucleotide

Question 2

What are nucleic acids composed of?

Answer 2

1. an nitrogenous base
2. five carbon sugar
3. up to 3 phosphate groups

Question 3

What are the 4 components of nucleic acids?

Answer 3

1. purines
2. pyrimidines
3. sugars
4. nucleotide

Question 4

component of nuceic acids that have a 6 carbon ring

Answer 4

pyrimidines

Question 5

component of nucleic acids that consists of 2 joined carbon rings with 5 and 6 members

Answer 5

purines

Question 6

how are elements in a nitrogenous base labeled?

Answer 6

numerically

purines: 1-9
Pyrimidines: 1-6

Question 7

How are elements in sugar labeled?

Answer 7

numerically with ‘

ex: 3’ or 5’

Question 8

how is sugar connected to the nitrogenous base

Answer 8

position 1’

Question 9

how is the nitrogenous base linked to position 1 of the sugar?

Answer 9

by glycosidic bond from N1 of pyrimidine and N9 of purine

Question 10

A always matches with ___, by ____ hydrogen bonds?

Answer 10

T; 2

Question 11

G always matches with ___, by ___ hydrogen bonds

Answer 11

C; 3

Question 12

What is the central dogma of genetic info.

Answer 12

DNA –Transcription–> RNA–Translation–> Protein

Question 13

What is the DNA coding/Sense strand?

Answer 13

has the same sequence as mRNA

Question 14

What is the DNA template/Antisense strand?

Answer 14

directing synthesis of mRNA via complementary base pairing

Question 15

In which direction is the DNA sequence read?

Answer 15

5’ to 3’

Question 16

replication would produce two copies that each contained one of the original strands and one new strand.

Answer 16

Semi conservative replication

Question 17

What are the 3 steps of synthesis of the leading and lagging strands of DNA?

Answer 17

1. synthesis of Okazaki fragment
2. Joining of okazaki fragment in lagging strand
3. synthesis of new okazaki fragment

Question 18

List the 5 steps in DNA Replication.

Answer 18

1. Helicases unwind the parental double helix
2. single stranded binding P stabilize the unwound parental DNA
3. Leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5’ to 3’ direction by DNA polymerase
4. Lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously
5. After RNA primer is replaced with DNA, DNA ligase joins the Okazaki fragment to the growing strand

Question 19

Where is DNA found in a cell?

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

Where is RNA found in a cell?

Answer 20

Cytoplasm

Question 21

Which type of ribosome is present in bacteria?

Answer 21

70S

Question 22

what are the 2 subunits of the 70S bacterial ribosome?

Answer 22

50S and 30S

Question 23

Which type of ribosome is present in mammals?

Answer 23

80S

Question 24

What are the 2 subunits of the 80S mammalian ribosome?

Answer 24

60S and 40S

Question 25

T/F Prokaryotic cells use a single RNA polymerase during transcription

Answer 25

T

Question 26

T/F Eukaryotic cells use a single RNA polymerase during transcription

Answer 26

F. use RNA polymerase I,II,III

Question 27

T/F. There are no introns used in prokaryotic transcription

Answer 27

T

Question 28

T/F prokaryotic transcription is monotronic?

Answer 28

F. Polycistronic

Question 29

T/F there is no 5' cap in prokaryotic Transcription

Answer 29

T

Question 30

How many nucleotides are there in each codon?

Answer 30

4 nucleotides and 20 AAs

Question 31

changes in the sequence of DNA

Answer 31

Mutations

Question 32

What are the 6 diff types of mutations

Answer 32

1. spontaneous 2. induced 3. silent 4. missense 5. Nonsense 6. Frameshift

Question 33

Type of mutation where mutagens act directly by modifying a particular base or being incorporated into the nucleic acid

Answer 33

Induced mutation

Question 34

Type of mutation where there is no apparent effect

Answer 34

Silent mutation

Question 35

Type of mutation where there is a change in codon, Change in AA, and change in protein function

Answer 35

Missense mutation

Question 36

Type of mutation where there is a change in a coding codon to a termination codon, resulting in premature termination

Answer 36

Nonsense mutation

Question 37

Type of mutation inserting or deleting number of bp other than multiple of 3

Answer 37

Frameshift mutation

Question 38

What are 4 ways of genetic transfer of bacteria?

Answer 38

1. Transformation 2. conjunction 3. transduction 4. transposition

Question 39

What is transformation

Answer 39

acquisiton of new genetic markers by incorporation of added DNA

Question 40

What is conjunction?

Answer 40

"mating" between 2 bacteria involving transfer of genetic material

Question 41

What is transduction?

Answer 41

transfer of bacterial gene from one to another by a phage

Question 42

What is transposition?

Answer 42

movement of a transposon to a new site in the genome