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PID > Final Exam Preventative Care Strategies 1 + 2 > Flashcards

Final Exam Preventative Care Strategies 1 + 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 economic risks associated with animal disease?

A
  1. Productivity loss
  2. Market disruptions
  3. Livelihood risks
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2
Q

What are the 3 human health risks associated with animal disease?

A
  1. pandemic disease
  2. endemic disease
  3. Food borne illness
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3
Q

Infectious diseases transmitted from animals to humans

A

Zoonosis

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4
Q

Inhibiting the introduction or establishment of a disease into an area, herd, or individual

A

Prevention of Infectious disease

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5
Q

Consist of steps taken to reduce the problem to a tolerable level

A

Control efforts

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6
Q

What are 3 common control efforts?

A
  1. quarantine
  2. disinfection
  3. culling of host an incineration
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7
Q

Involves complete elimination of the pathogen or the disease-causing agent from a defined geographic region

A

Eradication

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8
Q

What are the 3 levels of prevention of infectious disease

A
  1. primary- avoid occurrence of ID
  2. Secondary- minimize result of damage after disease occures
  3. Tertiary- Rehabilitation
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9
Q

Aimed at maintaining a healthy population, by adopting measures to avoid occurrence of disease either through eliminating the pathogen or inc resistance to disease

A

Primary prevention

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10
Q

What are the 2 types of primary prevention?

A

1 health promotion

2. specific protection

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11
Q

What are some examples of health promotion?

A
  1. education
  2. good hygiene
  3. nutrition
  4. epigenetics
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12
Q

What are some examples of specific protection

A
  1. immunization
  2. seroprophylaxis
  3. chemopropjylaxis
  4. supplements
  5. protection against occupational hazards
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13
Q

Action which halts the progress of a disease at its incipient/early stage and prevents complications

A

Secondary prevention

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14
Q

Secondary prevention relies on what?

A
  1. early diagnosis

2. prompt treatment and control (quarantine)

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15
Q

Which level of prevention is focused on an individual level?

A

Secondary

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16
Q

Consists of rehabilitation, elimination, of long term impairment

A

tertiary

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17
Q

What are the 2 categories of farm biosecurity?

A
  1. external biosecurity

2. internal biosecurity

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18
Q

what is external biosecurity?

A

measures taken to prevent an infectious disease from entering or leaving the farm

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19
Q

what is internal biosecurity

A

measures taken to combat spread of an infectious disease within the farm

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20
Q

What are the 7 points concerning the purchasing policy?

A
  1. Closed herd system
  2. reduce # of animals brought in to farm
  3. limit number of farms animals come from
  4. determine vacc. and health status of new animals
  5. know sanitary status of farms animals coming from
  6. quarantine
  7. vaccination
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21
Q

The time elapsed b/t infection and when clinical symptoms are first apparent

A

Incubation period

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22
Q

What is the principle of the dirty and clean road?

A

Need 2 roads to access the farm, a clean and dirty. the clean is for staff and clean animals to enter, the dirty is for visitors, feed, drop off, dead animals, manure

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23
Q

What are 2 ways to maintain vehicles entering and leaving the farm?

A
  1. clean and disinfect livestock transport vehicles

2. maintain a log book

24
Q

What are 9 ways to maintain people in regards to farm biosecurity?

A
  1. keep visitors at min.
  2. current health record/history of visitors and workers
  3. maintain log book
  4. educate visitors on protection methods
  5. don’t allow feeding or touching animals
  6. supply clean boots
  7. footbath
  8. wash hands
  9. Rubber gloves
25
Q

What are 4 ways to maintain food and water in regards to farm biosecurity?

A
  1. avoid feeding animal biproducts
  2. purchase feed from reputable suppliers
  3. protect feed from contamination
  4. monitor water quality
26
Q

What are 5 ways to maintain equipment in regards to biosecurity

A
  1. Dont share equipment b/t farms
  2. avoid using manure equip. for feed
  3. use diff. equip. for diff. sections of farm
  4. Clean and sanitize
  5. wash clothing and boots
27
Q

What are 3 ways to maintain housing in regards to biosecurity?

A
  1. minimize contact b/t young and old
  2. maintains optimal stocking density
  3. All-in All- out housing system
28
Q

What are 5 biosecuity measures that deals with vermin and bird control?

A
  1. prevent contact with free roaming animals
  2. minimize bird contact
  3. maintain control program
  4. secure feed
  5. pasture management
29
Q

What are 10 biosecurity measures used to monitor animal health?

A
  1. individual ID of animals
  2. Keep health records
  3. update vaccines
  4. monitor and inspect animals daily
  5. isolation of sick animals
  6. treat sick animals
  7. euthanize sick
  8. necropsy
    9 control measures
  9. disinfect sick pens
30
Q

What are 6 biosecurity measures used to dispose of cadavers

A
  1. remove cadaver asap
  2. store in well insulated place
  3. use cooled cadaver storage room
  4. dispose of all contaminated bedding, milk, manure, feed
  5. disinfect the caver room
31
Q

Natural breakdown of carcass

A

Composting

32
Q

List some host factors in regards to infectious disease that a vet should know?

A

Breed, Age, Immunocompetence, Nutrition Status, Stress levels, overall health

33
Q

List some pathogen factors in regards to infectious disease that vets should know?

A 
thorough knowledge
transmission
incubation period
clinical sighs
shedding patterns
effective disinfectants
carrier state
34
Q

What are some general considerations in prevention of infectious disease transmission in pets housing?

A
  1. Avoid overcrowding
  2. maintain temp. humidity, ventilation
  3. separate enclosures
  4. quarantine wards
  5. disinfection/sanitation
35
Q

What are some general considerations in prevention of infectious disease transmission from pet to pet?

A
  1. reduce stress
  2. ecto and endo parasite control
  3. good nutrition
  4. vaccination
  5. behavioral wellness
  6. health monitoring and record keeping
36
Q

Term used to describe a process or treatment that renders a medical device, instrument, or environmental surface safe to handle

A

Decontamination

37
Q

Describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life/ pathogens, including highly resistant pathogens, such as bacteria with spores

A

Sterilization

38
Q

Describes a process that eliminates many or all pathogenic micoroorganisms, except bacterial spores, on inanimate objects

A

Disinfection

39
Q

The application of a liquid antimicrobial chemical to skin or living tissue to inhibit or destroy microorganisms

A

antisepsis

40
Q

What are the 5 sterilization methods?

A
  1. Moist Heat
  2. Chemical methods
  3. Dry heat
  4. Radiation
  5. Sterile filtration
41
Q

Sterilization method that uses steam

A

Moist heat

42
Q

what is an example jof a sterilization method that use moist heat

A

Autoclave

43
Q

What serilization method uses a hot air oven, at least 2 hours at 160 degrees

A

Dry heat

44
Q

What sterilization method uses gases like ethylene oxide or chemicals like Hydrogen peroxide at high concentrations.

A

Chemical methods

45
Q

What sterilization method uses Non-ionizing UV radiation and ionizing Gamma rays or x-rays

A

Radiation

46
Q

What sterilization method uses micro filtration using membrane filters

A

Sterile filtration

47
Q

What are 3 ways to break the chain of infection by reservoir neutralization

A
  1. Removing infected animals
  2. Mass therapy
  3. Environmental manipulation
48
Q

What are the 2 forms of vector control?

A
  1. Biological control

2. Chemical control

49
Q

What are 3 ways of reducing contract potential?

A
  1. Isolation
  2. Quarantine
  3. Population control programs
50
Q

What are 2 ways to increase host resistance

A
  1. chemoprophylaxis

2. Immunization

51
Q

What is chemoprophylaxis?

A

use of antimicrobial drugs

52
Q

What are the 4 W’s of immunization?

A
  1. Where
  2. When
  3. Who
  4. Why
53
Q

List some feats. of a good vaccine

A 
safe to use
effective against diverse strains of same pathogen
few side effects
give long lasting protection
low in cost
easy to administer
long shelf life
54
Q

A form of immunity that occurs when the vaccination of a significant/large portion of a pop. provides protection

A

Herd immunity

55
Q

What are the 4 steps for establishing a disease control program

A
  1. establishing rationale
  2. strategic goal and objectives
  3. program planing
  4. implementation
56
Q

What does GLEWS stand for

A

Global Early Warning System for Major Animal Diseases

PID (9 decks)

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