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Health Assessment > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

the difference between the diastolic and systolic bp

A

pulse pressure

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2
Q

Nociceptive Pain

A

arises from somatic structures (bones, joints, muscles) or caused by the activation of pain receptors in the visceral organs

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3
Q

Neuropathic Pain

A

caused by damaged nerves

occurs because of abnormal processing of sensory input by the central or peripheral nervous system (nerve pain)

numbness, tingling, burning sensation

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4
Q

Cyanosis in dark skin patients

A

ashen-gray color in conjunctiva, oral mucous membranes, and nail beds

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5
Q

Jaundice in dark skin patients

A

yellowish-green color in sclera, palms of hands, and soles of feet

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6
Q

Erythema in dark skin patients

A

deeper brown or purple skin tone with increased skin temperature

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7
Q

Petechiae in dark skin patients

A

in buccal mucosa or sclera

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8
Q

Rash in dark skin patients

A

not easily seen, felt with light palpation

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9
Q

Signs of Melanoma

A

Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variegation
Diameter greater than 6 mm
Evolution of lesion over time
Feeling (itching, tingling, or stinging)

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10
Q

Ecchymosis

A

bruise

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11
Q

lesions appear as small, reddish-purple pinpoints

A

petechiae

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12
Q

flat, circumscribed area that is a change in the color of the skin; less than 1 cm in diameter (freckle)

A

macule

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13
Q

elevated, firm, circumscribed area less than 1 cm in diameter (mole)

A

papule

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14
Q

a flat, nonpalpable, irregular-shaped macule more than 1 cm in diameter

A

patch

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15
Q

elevated, firm, and rough lesion with flat top surface greater than 1 cm in diameter

A

plaque

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16
Q

elevated, irregular-shaped area of cutaneous edema; solid, transient; variable diameter

A

wheal

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17
Q

elevated, firm circumscribed lesion; deeper in dermis than a papule; 1 to 2 cm in diameter

A

nodule

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18
Q

elevated and solid lesion; may or may not be clearly demarcated; deeper in dermis; greater than 2 cm in diameter

A

tumor

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19
Q

elevated, circumscribed, superficial, not into dermis; filled with serous fluid, less than 1 cm in diameter

A

vesicle

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20
Q

vesicle greater than 1 cm in diameter (blister)

A

bulla

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21
Q

elevated, superficial lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

A

pustule

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22
Q

elevated, circumscribed, encapsulated lesion; in dermis or subcutaneous layer; filled with liquid or semisolid material

A

cyst

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23
Q

Neurotransmitters that affect mental health (6)

A

norepinephrine
serotonin
dopamine
histamine
acetylcholine
GABA

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24
Q

S&S of Depression

A

feelings of helplessness and hopelessness and recurrent suicidal thoughts

altered appetite, sleep problems, constipation, headache, and fatigue

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25
Q

S&S of Bipolar Disorder

A

episodes of mania, depression, or mixed moods

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26
Q

S&S of Schizophrenia

A

flat, blunted, or bizarre emotions
disorganized thinking
jumbled or illogical speech
impaired reasoning
autistic thinking: delusions and hallucinations
severe ambivalence

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27
Q

S&S of Anxiety

A

feeling of uneasiness or discomfort from mild anxiety to panic

28
Q

Delirium vs Dementia

A

Delirium: acute, rapidly developing change in cognition

Dementia: chronic, memory impairment

29
Q

unilateral headache, lasts several hours to several days, throbbing pain, all people can get them but women > men, other symptoms nausea, vomiting, dizzy, aura, photosensitivity

A

migraine

30
Q

unilateral headache (eye, temple, etc), lasts 30-60 minutes multiple times/day, stabbing/burning pain, adolescent to YA usually experience them (men > women)

A

cluster

31
Q

back or front of head, several days, vice-like pressure, 20-40 years old (either sex), muscle tension

A

tension

32
Q

frontal/maxillary, until drainage, pressure pain, everyone has them, eye sensitivity

A

sinus

33
Q

entire head, several days, dull to painful ache, athletes/MVA, symptoms of nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, photophobia, dizzy, decreased concentration, giddiness

A

post-traumatic

34
Q

< 5 bowel sounds

A

hypoactive

35
Q

> 30 bowel sounds

A

hyperactive

36
Q

S3 Sounds

A

fluid volume overload
“slosh-ing in”

37
Q

S4 Sounds

A

“stiff” ventricle (prolonged hypertension)
“a-stiff one”

38
Q

S&S of Left Ventricular Heart Failure

A

pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, and “crackles” and possibly S3 sounds

39
Q

S&S of Right Ventricular Heart Failure

A

dependent peripheral edema and weight gain and possibly S3 heart sounds

40
Q

Arterial Insufficiency S&S

A

coldness, pallor, hair loss, sores (smooth borders)
intermittent claudication (leg pain w/ walking)

41
Q

Venous Insufficiency S&S

A

lower leg edema, warmth, darkened skin color, thickened skin, sores (irregular borders)

42
Q

Lub sound

A

S1
systolic
tricuspid/mitral closure - ventricles contract

43
Q

Dub sound

A

S2
diastolic
aortic/pulmonic closure - ventricles relax

44
Q

Cranial Nerve 1

A

Olfactory
ask about smell

45
Q

Cranial Nerve 2

A

Optic
snellen chart, peripheral vision

46
Q

Cranial Nerve 3

A

Oculomotor
PERRLA

47
Q

Cranial Nerve 4

A

Trochlear
move eyes toward nose

48
Q

Cranial Nerve 5

A

Trigeminal
forehead, cheek, chin

49
Q

Cranial Nerve 6

A

Abducens
six cardinal fields

50
Q

Cranial Nerve 7

A

Facial
facial symmetry

51
Q

Cranial Nerve 8

A

Acoustic
finger rub test

52
Q

Cranial Nerve 9

A

Glossopharyngeal
throat and pharynx

53
Q

Cranial Nerve 10

A

Vagus
ability to swallow (uvula midline)

54
Q

Cranial Nerve 11

A

Spinal Accessory
neck and shoulder movement

55
Q

Cranial Nerve 12

A

Hypoglossal
stick out tongue and move side to side

56
Q

Glasgow Coma Scale Scores

A

15 is best
3 is worst

57
Q

Grading of Deep Tendon Reflexes

A

normal = 2+

58
Q

Assessment of Level of Consciousness

A

A&O x4 (person, place, time, situation)

59
Q

Most sensitive indicator of altered cerebral function

A

change in level of consciousness

60
Q

S&S/Risk Factors for Stroke

A

sudden unilateral numbness or weakness of face, arm, or leg
trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance
sudden, severe headache with no known cause
may be sudden confusion, dysphagia, aphasia, or partial loss of vision

hemorrhagic strokes can be caused by hypertension or a cerebral aneurysm

61
Q

Osteoporosis - risk factors

A

slender, female, caucasian, alcohol users, smokers, and steriod users are at highest risk

62
Q

form of arthritis in which one or many of the joints undergo destruction of cartilage

A

Osteoarthritis

63
Q

chronic, systemic autoimmune disease involving inflammation and degeneration of joints

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

64
Q

Signs of Elder Abuse (6)

A

injuries such as bruises, cuts, or broken bones
malnourishment or weight loss
poor hygiene
symptoms of anxiety, depression, or confusion
unexplained transactions or loss of money
withdrawal from family members or friends

65
Q

Expected respiratory function in elders

A

diminished strength of respiratory muscles results in diminished breath sounds in bases

dyspnea on exertion becomes more frequent

66
Q

Expected heart sounds in elders

A

normal but S4 heart sounds can be heard

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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