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Health Assessment > Ch 12 > Flashcards

Ch 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do you locate the temporal artery?

A

over temporal bone on each side

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2
Q

Where do you locate the carotid artery?

A

medial edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle in lower 1/3 of the neck

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3
Q

Where do you locate the brachial artery?

A

groove between biceps and triceps medial to biceps tendon

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4
Q

Where do you locate the radial artery?

A

radial/thumb side of forearm at wrist

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5
Q

Where do you locate the femoral artery?

A

below inguinal ligament, midway between symphasis pubis and anterior superior iliac crest, move toward pubic hair

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6
Q

Where do you locate the popliteal artery?

A

behind knee in popliteal fossa

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7
Q

Where do you locate the posterior tibial artery?

A

inner ankle below and slightly behind the ankle bone

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8
Q

Where do you locate the dorsalis pedis artery?

A

over dorsum of foot between tendons of first and second toe

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9
Q

What is the grading system for pulse amplitude?

A

0+ absent
1+ diminished, barely palpable
2+ normal
3+ full volume
4+ full volume, bounding hyperkinetic

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10
Q

What happens during systole?

A

ventricles contract, atria relax

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11
Q

What happens during diastole?

A

ventricles relax, atria contract

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12
Q

Where can you hear the aortic valve? When does it close?

A

2nd intercostal space, RIGHT sternal border

DUBB, beginning of diastole

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13
Q

Where can you hear the pulmonic valve? When does it close?

A

2nd intercostal space, LEFT sternal border

DUBB, beginning of diastole

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14
Q

Where can you hear Erb’s point?

A

3rd intercostal space, left sternal border

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15
Q

Where can you hear the tricuspid valve? When does it close?

A

4th intercostal space, left sternal border

LUBB, beginning of systole

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16
Q

Where can you hear the mitral valve? When does it close?

A

5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line

LUBB, beginning of systole

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17
Q

What is the scale for pitting edema?

A

1+ barely perceptible pit, 2mm
2+ deeper pit, rebounds in a few seconds, 4mm
3+ deep pit, rebounds in 10-20 seconds, 6mm
4+ deeper pit, rebounds in > 30 seconds, 8 mm

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18
Q

S1 - Lubb - What does it mean?

A

beginning of systole

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19
Q

S2 - Dubb - What does it mean?

A

beginning of diastole

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20
Q

S3 - How does it sound? What might it mean?

A

occurs just after S2 (lubb du-dubb) (swoosh-ing in)

fluid volume overload to ventricle (may be caused by heart failure or mitral/tricuspid regurgitation or renal failure)

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21
Q

S4 - How does it sound? What might it mean?

A

occurs just before S1 (lu-lubb dubb) (a-stiff one)

signifies noncompliant or STIFF ventricle (could be found in pt with prolonged hypertension)

22
Q

Murmurs - How do they sound?

A

prolonged extra sounds during systole and diastole (one of the valves is either opening/closing incorrectly)

often regurgitation or stenosis

described by timing in cardiac cycle, pitch, quality, intensity and location

23
Q

Grading Heart Murmurs

A

1 - quiet (very soft) to 6 - loud (most severe)

24
Q

Ankle-Brachial Index - What is it? What does it indicate?

A

estimate arterial occlusion, ankle systolic bp/brachial systolic bp

indicates narrowing of arteries and peripheral artery disease (PAD)

25
Q

Intermittent Claudication

A

leg pain with walking (relieved with rest)

26
Q

Lifts/Heaves

A

see areas of chest rise

27
Q

Splitting

A

abnormal; tricuspid/mitral valve don’t close at same time

28
Q

5 Areas for Listening to the Heart

A

All (aortic)
People (pulmonic)
Eat (Erb’s point)
Taco (tricuspid)
Meat (mitral)

29
Q

What does nitroglycerin do?

A

causes vasodilation

take 1 - wait 5 min (3 tablets max)

30
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

chest pain due to ischemia of myocardium

31
Q

What is angina usually caused by?

A

atherosclerosis within coronary arteries

32
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

occurs when myocardial ischemia is sustained, resulting in death of myocardial cells (necrosis)

33
Q

Which ventricle is more commonly affected by a myocardial infarction?

A

left ventricle

34
Q

Heart Failure

A

occurs when either ventricle (or both) fails to pump blood efficiently into aorta or pulmonary arteries

35
Q

Left Ventricle Heart Failure

A

cannot pump sufficient blood forward, some blood backs up into left atrium and eventually into pulmonary capillaries, causing pulmonary edema, shortness of breath, and crackles and possibly S3 heart sounds

36
Q

Right Ventricle Heart Failure

A

cannot pump sufficient blood into the pulmonary arteries causing a backflow of blood into the vena cava, resulting in dependent peripheral edema and weight gain and possible S3 heart sounds

37
Q

What kind of sputum would be present with pulmonary edema?

A

pink/frothy sputum

38
Q

What is a normal capillary refill?

A

<2 seconds

39
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

narrowing of artery/vein

40
Q

How much could bilateral blood pressure vary?

A

5-10 mmHg

41
Q

How much could orthostatic blood pressure vary?

A

lying, sitting, standing

10-15 mmHg systolic (>20 is abnormal)

5 mmHg diastolic (>10 is abnormal)

42
Q

How much could pulse pressure vary?

A

systolic - diastolic (normal 30-40 mmHg)

43
Q

If capillary refill is greater than 2 seconds, what could that mean?

A

vasoconstriction, decreased cardiac output, impaired circulation, edema

44
Q

Arterial Insufficiency

A

changes in skin of leg such as: coldness, pallor, hair loss, sores (ulcers) [smooth borders (more regular)]

45
Q

Complete Arterial Occlusion

A

limb-threatening situation: pain, numbness, coolness or color change (found during neurovascular assessment)

could be caused by arteriosclerosis

46
Q

Chronic Venous Insufficiency

A

lower leg edema, warmth, skin discoloration (darkened), skin thickened, venous stasis ulcers (irregular borders)

47
Q

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) causes

A

pain, edema, redness, and warmth of an extremity

DON’T MASSAGE

48
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of vein that may or may not be accompanied by a clot

redness, warmth, tenderness

49
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

A

may result from a DVT: acute dyspnea, chest pain, tachycardia, diaphoresis, and anxiety

LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCY

50
Q

Neurovascular Assessment (5 - Ps)

A

Pain
Pulse
Pallor
Paresthesia (feeling)
Paralysis (movement)
Polar (cold)

Health Assessment (10 decks)

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